Temporal Stability and Transferability of Non-Motorized and Total Trip Generation Models

Abstract

Transportation systems provide a means for moving people and the goods from which they are spatially separated. Of the two means of surface transportation, the motorized mode is used extensively for utilitarian travel in developed countries. The increasing reliance on motorized travel has contributed to increased traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse emissions. Non-motorized travel has recently received significant attention as a means to reduce congestion and environmental problems and improve human health. However, non-motorized modeling is generally underdeveloped. This study investigated some changes in non-motorized and total travel and the characteristics of the traveling public in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2009 using a national travel survey. The study also investigated the temporal transferability of linear-regression trip generation models for non-motorized and total travel under such changes. High-income households made fewer non-motorized trips in 1990 and 1995 compared to 2001 and 2009. Persons aged 50 and over showed an increased demand for non-motorized travel, whereas children aged 0 - 15 showed a decreasing preference for non-motorized travel over time. Regarding temporal stability, only the coefficient for single-adult households with no children was stable across all of the analysis years. For both non-motorized and total travel, most model parameter estimates were stable short term but not long term. In general, the total travel models transferred better than non-motorized models, both short term and long term. Despite not finding universal stability in model parameter estimates, the models were marginally able to replicate travel in 2009 relative to the locally estimated 2009 model

Estimating Pedestrian Exposure for Small Urban and Rural Areas

“…This finding echoes Cerin and Leslie's (62) work on recreational walk trips but contradicts others (63,64). Mature households are prone to make fewer walk trips, which is consistent with previous studies on the impact of age on walking (38,46,57). Furthermore, daily walk trips decrease with the number of workers in the household, consistent with New et al's ( 54) work based on the 2012 Utah Household Travel Survey.…”

“…This finding is consistent with that of Ewing and Cervero, who found that individuals are more likely to take nonmotorized modes for work trips when either the residential or job location is densely populated (59). As expected, households that own more vehicles tend to make fewer walk trips (57). Higher-income households were estimated to make more walk trips, possibly because higherincome neighborhoods enjoy greater provisions of pedestrian facilities (60,61).…”

“…The pseudo-R 2 for their model was equal to 0.13. Mwakalonge et al also developed a linear regression to estimate walk trip frequency using a NHTS 2009 data set including a sample of 109,321 households (57). The obtained R 2 was approximately .09.…”

Modified Traffic Signal Phasing at Traffic Warden Controlled Intersection to Accommodate Pedestrian Traffic in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

“…Thus the pedestrian traffic safety management at TWC intersections deserves a worthwhile re-examination. Further, the recent push to increase non-motorized transportation in the last decade has led to an increased need for research and data relating to walking and walk ability [8,9]. The aim of the study is to design a modified traffic signal phasing at a TWC When not controlled, the intersection operates as a priority intersection with traffic on Obbo and CocaCola roads yielding to traffic on Taiwo and Challenge road approaches.…”