Temporal specificity in adaptations to high-intensity exercise training

Hill, David W.; Leiferman, Jennifer A.; Lynch, Nicole A.; Dangelmaier, B. S.; Burt, S. E.

doi:10.1097/00005768-199803000-00017

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The significant improvement in the 3 groups is supported by the findings of Hill et al [28], who demonstrated that there was temporal specificity in training to increase work capacity. The greater improvements occur at the time of day at which high-intensity training is regularly performed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The long-term effects of static stretching at different times of day on hamstring peak torque and flexibility in trained individuals

Abdel-aziem¹,

Draz²,

Mosaad³

2018

Physiother Quart.

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Introduction. There is some recent evidence that temporal specificity is important for optimizing training for muscular performance. This study was to examine the long-term effects of static stretching performed at different times of day on hamstring torque and flexibility. Methods. The total of 60 trained male subjects with tight hamstring were selected and randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Group A received static stretch in the morning (07:00-9:00), group B in the afternoon (13:00-16:00), and group C in the evening (18:00-20:00). The hamstring isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque and knee extension range of motion were assessed before and after 6 weeks of static stretching (3 repetitions of 30 s, 5 times/week). Results. A statistically significant increase was observed in hamstring concentric and eccentric torque, and flexibility after static stretching at different times of day (p < 0.05). The concentric and eccentric torque post-training values were significantly higher than the pre-training values (p < 0.05). The hamstring flexibility post-training values of groups B and C were significantly higher than for group A (p < 0.05). The torque and flexibility change scores of groups B and C were significantly higher than for group A (p < 0.05), without any significant difference between groups B and C (p > 0.05).Conclusions. Afternoon and evening static stretching is more effective than morning stretching in improving the hamstring concentric and eccentric torque and flexibility. Therefore, static stretching is a time-dependent task and should be scheduled by clinicians, coaches, and athletes in the afternoon or evening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The long-term effects of static stretching at different times of day on hamstring peak torque and flexibility in trained individuals

Abdel-aziem¹,

Draz²,

Mosaad³

2018

Physiother Quart.

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“…7,8 Regular morning training might, therefore, be beneficial in reducing the disparity between morning and evening maximal swimming performances as a result of enhanced adaptations to morning exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the intradaily variation in race pace of swimmers undertaking morning and evening training (MEG) and swimmers undertaking evening training only (EOG).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation in Swim Performance Remains, Irrespective of Training Once or Twice Daily

Martin¹,

Nevill²,

Thompson³

2007

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: Fast swim times in morning rounds are essential to ensure qualification in evening finals. A significant time-of-day effect in swimming performance has consistently been observed, although physical activity early in the day has been postulated to reduce this effect. The aim of this study was to compare intradaily variation in race-pace performance of swimmers routinely undertaking morning and evening training (MEG) with those routinely undertaking evening training only (EOG). Methods: Each group consisted of 8 swimmers (mean ± SD: age = 15.2 ± 1.0 and 15.4 ± 1.4 y, 200-m freestyle time 132.8 ± 8.4 and 136.3 ± 9.1 s) who completed morning and evening trials in a randomized order with 48 h in between on 2 separate occasions. Oral temperature, heart rate, and blood lactate were assessed at rest, after a warm-up, after a 150-m race-pace swim, and after a 100-m time trial. Stroke rate, stroke count, and time were recorded for each length of the 150-m and 100-m swims. Results: Both training groups recorded significantly slower morning 100-m performances (MEG = +1.7 s, EOG = +1.4 s; P < .05) along with persistently lower morning temperatures that on average were -0.47°C and -0.60°C, respectively (P < .05). No differences were found in blood-lactate, heart-rate, and stroke-count responses (P > .05). All results were found to be reproducible (P > .05). Conclusions: The long-term use of morning training does not appear to significantly reduce intradaily variation in race-pace swimming or body temperature.

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“…During the performance of the different taolu, to obtain similar physiological stress levels between participants, the intensity of efforts was controlled by the values of rating of perceived exertion reported by the participants at the end of each taolu performed. Therefore, it was controlled that each participant performed the forms between values of "hard" and "very hard" exertion using the Borg's Scale (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) to validate each data measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specificity is one of the physical training principles, which states that the specific exercise promotes adaptations in athletes' body and thus generating sport-specific effects of training. This principle is critical in training program design and establishes the necessity to distinguish specific physiological characteristics of one sport for specific training program design [15,16]. For that purpose, the determination of workload is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Physiological Responses Of Performance Of Choy Lee Fut Forms In Amateur Practitioners

Cejuela

García-Jaén

Cortell-Tormo

et al. 2016

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Temporal specificity in adaptations to high-intensity exercise training

Abstract: These results demonstrate that there is temporal specificity in training to increase work capacity in high-intensity exercise. Greater improvements can be expected to occur at the time of day at which high-intensity training is regularly performed.

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

The long-term effects of static stretching at different times of day on hamstring peak torque and flexibility in trained individuals

The long-term effects of static stretching at different times of day on hamstring peak torque and flexibility in trained individuals

Diurnal Variation in Swim Performance Remains, Irrespective of Training Once or Twice Daily

Acute Physiological Responses Of Performance Of Choy Lee Fut Forms In Amateur Practitioners

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