Temporal-spatial variations in Li-Fe mica compositions from the Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposit (NE China): Implications for deposit-scale fluid evolution

Shi, Ruizhe; Zhao, Jun‐Hong; Evans, Noreen J.; Qin, Kezhang; Wang, Fangyue; Li, Zhenzhen; Han, Ri; Li, Xiaohui

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104132

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…4 h–l). In addition, the mica accompanied by sphalerite or galena from the Cu–Zn deposit contains 2169–3772 ppm Zn but extremely low Cu (< 1 ppm Cu) 7 . Therefore, external fluids that altered or dissolved mica from wall rocks (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other nearby deposits include the Weilasituo Cu–Zn deposit (~ 2 km NW) and the Bairendaba Ag–Pb–Zn deposit (~ 6 km NW). These three deposits have been studied previously, focusing on the geology of the deposit 2 , timing of ore formation 1 – 4 , character of ore-forming fluids 5 – 7 , and ore source and precipitation mechanisms 8 – 12 . However, the genetic relationship between the Sn-polymetallic deposit and the other two deposits in the district, if any exists, is poorly understood, thus hampering development of a holistic exploration model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution of the tin-polymetallic metallogenic systems from the Weilasituo ore district, Northeast China

Gao,

Zhou,

Breiter

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The large Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposit is a recent exploration discovery in the southern Great Xing’an Range, northeast China. The ore cluster area shows horizontal mineralization zoning, from the inner granite body outward, consisting of high-T Sn–W–Li mineralization, middle-T Cu–Zn mineralization and peripheral low-T Pb–Zn–Ag mineralization. However, the intrinsic genetic relationship between Sn-W-Li mineralization and peripheral vein-type Pb–Zn–Ag–Cu mineralization, the formation mechanism and the deep geological background are still insufficiently understood. Here, we use fluid inclusions, trace elements concentrations in quartz and sphalerite, and H–O isotope studies to determine the genetic mechanism and establish a metallogenic model. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis results demonstrates that the aqueous ore-forming fluids evolved from low-medium salinity, medium–high temperature to low salinity, low-medium temperature fluids. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis shows that CH4 is ubiquitous in fluid inclusions of all ore stages. Early ore fluids have δ18OH2O (v–SMOW) values from + 5.5 to + 6.2‰ and δD values of approximately − 67‰, concordant with a magmatic origin. However, the late ore fluids shifted toward lower δ18OH2O (v–SMOW) (as low as 0.3‰) and δD values (~ − 136‰), suggesting mixing between external fluids derived from the wall rocks and a contribution from meteoric water. Ti-in-quartz thermometry indicates a magmatic crystallization temperature of around 700 °C at a pressure of 1.5 kbar for the magmatic ore stage. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and trace element analysis of quartz from a hydrothermal vug highlight at least three growth episodes that relate to different fluid pulses; each episode begins with CL-bright, Al-Li-rich quartz, and ends with CL-dark quartz with low Al and Li contents. Quartz from Episode 1 formed from early Sn-(Zn)-rich fluids which were likely derived from the quartz porphyry. Quartz from episodes 2 and 3 formed from Zn-(Sn)-Cu-rich fluid. The early magmatic fluid is characterized by low fS2. The SO2 produced by magma degassing reacted with heated water to form SO42−, causing the shift from low fS2 to high fS2. The SO42− generated was converted to S2– by mixing with CH4-rich, Fe and Zn-bearing external fluid which led to late-stage alteration and dissolution of micas in vein walls, thus promoting crystallization of pyrrhotite, Fe-rich sphalerite and chalcopyrite and inhibiting the precipitation of anhydrite. This study shows that ore formation encompassed multiple episodes involving steadily evolved fluids, and that the addition of external fluids plays an important role in the formation of the later Cu–Zn and Ag–Pb–Zn mineralization in the Weilasituo ore district.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution of the tin-polymetallic metallogenic systems from the Weilasituo ore district, Northeast China

Gao,

Zhou,

Breiter

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Additionally, vein-type Zn orebodies appeared later (Figure 2B). Previous studies have shown that the Weilasituo rock mass displays melt-fluid interactions [15,24,26], and S and Pb isotopes indicate that some of the material originates from the surrounding rock [23,28,38,107]. Therefore, some Zn may have originated from magmatic differentiation, and some may have originated from the surrounding rock.…”

Section: Trace Element Geochemistry Of Micamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinnwaldite is a Li(Rb)-bearing mineral produced in the crypto-explosive breccia pipe during greisenisation. Previous studies on the Weilasituo Li-polymetallic deposit have determined the following: (1) the Weilasituo Li-polymetallic deposit was formed in an extensional environment during the Early Cretaceous [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]; (2) the fluid source is magmatic [18,[24][25][26][27], and the type of fluid inclusions indicates that it is a single-phase intermediate-density (ID) fluid directly differentiated from the magma [12]; (3) the Li ore-forming material was derived from the lower crust [12]; (4) the trace element geochemistry of multiple generations of sphalerite shows decreases in temperature and in Fe and Mn content in sphalerite over time, while the In content increases [10]; (5) the enrichment of Sn-W-Nb-Ta in the Weilasituo micas is related to the early high-temperature magmatic fluid near the granitic intrusion, and volatile elements are enriched by the continuous evolution of the fluid as it migrates laterally [28]. However, the previous research on this deposit has a few shortcomings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

40Ar/39Ar Dating and In Situ Trace Element Geochemistry of Quartz and Mica in the Weilasituo Deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Li–Polymetallic Metallogenesis

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit, located on the western slope of the southern Great Xing’an Range in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is hosted by quartz porphyry with crypto-explosive breccia-type Li mineralisation atop and vein-type Sn-Mo-W-Zn polymetallic mineralisation throughout the breccia pipe. This study introduces new data on multistage quartz and mica in situ trace elements; the study was conducted using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and 40Ar/39Ar dating of zinnwaldite to delineate the metallogenic age and genesis of Li mineralisation. Zinnwaldite yields a plateau age of 132.45 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.77), representing Early Cretaceous Li mineralisation. Throughout the magmatic–hydrothermal process, quartz trace elements showed Ge enrichment. Li, Al, and Ti contents decreased, with Al/Ti and Ge/Ti ratios increasing, indicating increased magmatic differentiation, slight acidification, and cooling. Mica’s rising Li, Rb, Cs, Mg, and Ti contents and Nb/Ta ratio, alongside its falling K/Rb ratio, indicate the magma’s ongoing crystallisation differentiation. Fractional crystallisation primarily enriched Li, Rb, and Cs in the late melt. Mica’s high Sc, V, and W contents indicate a high fO2 setting, with a slightly lower fO2 during zinnwaldite formation. Greisenisation observed Zn, Mg, and Fe influx from the host rock, broadening zinnwaldite distribution and forming minor Zn vein orebodies later. Late-stage fluorite precipitation highlights a rise in F levels, with fluid Sn and W levels tied to magma evolution and F content. In summary, the Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit was formed in an Early Cretaceous extensional environment and is closely related to a nearby highly differentiated Li-F granite. During magma differentiation, rare metal elements such as Li and Rb were enriched in residual melts. The decrease in temperature and the acidic environment led to the precipitation of Li-, Rb-, and W-bearing minerals, and the increased F content in the late stage led to Sn enrichment and mineralisation. Fluid metasomatism causes Zn, Mg, and Fe in the surrounding rock to enter the fluid, and Zn is enriched and mineralised in the later period.

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“…In the Great Xing'an Range and its adjacent areas, several rare-metal granite bodies have been identified, the most important of which are Weilasituo Sn-Li-Rb [8][9][10][11], Zhaojinggou Nb-Ta [12] and Shihuiyao Rb-Nb-Ta deposits [13]. Many studies focus on the two former deposits [8][9][10][11][12] and these Sn-Li-Rb-Nb-Ta orebodies are temporally and genetically related to Early Cretaceous granitoids [13]. Different from the two former deposits, Shihuiyao rare-metal mineralization is related to Late Jurassic granitic bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis of Shihuiyao Rare-Metal Granites in the Southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China

et al. 2023

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Shihuiyao Rb–Nb–Ta-rich granites from the Late Jurassic period are newly discovered rare-metal-bearing granites found in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China. Further research of these granites may contribute to better understanding the petrogenesis of rare-metal granites and their associated mineralization mechanisms. The granites are high-silica (SiO2 = 73.66–77.08 wt%), alkali-rich (K2O + Na2O = 8.18–9.49 wt%) and weakly to mildly peraluminous with A/CNK values (molar ratios of Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O)) ranging from 1.06 to 1.16. High differentiation indexes (DI = 95–97) and low P2O5 contents demonstrate that Shihuiyao rocks are low-P and peraluminous rare-metal granites. Mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry can be used to obtain the following lithological sequence: zinnwaldite granite, muscovite–zinnwaldite granite, amazonite-bearing granite and amazonite pegmatite. The effect of the rare-earth element tetrad; low K/Rb (18.98–32.82), Nb/Ta (2.41–4.64) and Zr/Hf (5.99–8.80) ratios; and the occurrence of snowball-textured quartz suggest that extreme magmatic fractionation might be the key factor that causes Rb–Nb–Ta enrichment.

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Temporal-spatial variations in Li-Fe mica compositions from the Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposit (NE China): Implications for deposit-scale fluid evolution

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution of the tin-polymetallic metallogenic systems from the Weilasituo ore district, Northeast China

Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution of the tin-polymetallic metallogenic systems from the Weilasituo ore district, Northeast China

40Ar/39Ar Dating and In Situ Trace Element Geochemistry of Quartz and Mica in the Weilasituo Deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Li–Polymetallic Metallogenesis

Petrogenesis of Shihuiyao Rare-Metal Granites in the Southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China

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