Temporal-spatial characteristics of storm surges and rough seas in coastal areas of Mainland China from 2000 to 2019

Abstract

Marine disasters pose a serious threat to economic and social development; therefore, understanding their occurrence rhythms is of great importance to disaster prevention and mitigation. As a major form of marine disaster in China, storm surges and rough seas are particularly worthy of attention. In this study, statistical data regarding storm surges and rough seas over the past 20 years were collected, and a visual approach was utilized to detect their scope, distribution, and temporal-spatial characteristics. Implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation was then discussed. The results revealed the following: (1) storm surges exhibited significant seasonality (occurring in summer and autumn), while rough sea occurrences occurred throughout the year. ( 2) The losses caused by storm surges showed clear regional differences. Specifically, the economic losses and death tolls in southern provinces were greater than in northern provinces, but they decreased significantly from 2000-2009 to 2010-2019. (3) The loss caused by rough seas also showed regional differences, with greater loss values in the southern provinces than northern provinces. The total loss has dropped significantly in recent years.

Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of typhoon storm surge disasters based on their tropical cyclone track clusters in China

“…However, the significant negative growth ratios of AFs between 1983AFs between -2000AFs between and 2001AFs between -2018 were observed in the EC and all three clusters (Table 4). Many studies have explicated the mitigation measures adopted in China to discern the decline in damages after 2000 (Shi et al 2015;Fang et al 2017;Wang, Liu, et at. 2021;Wang, Yang, et al 2021).…”

“…Gan et al (2012) focused on spatiotemporal patterns of TSSDs in three of China's southern coastal regions and highlighted relevant factors, such as tropical cyclone tracks, intensities, typhoon storm surges combining with astronomical high tides, and terrains. Some researchers have analyzed spatiotemporal patterns in 11 coastal regions of mainland China and detailed mitigation measures, while discussion of other related factors has been restricted because of limited data on a large spatial scale for these coastal regions in China (Shi et al 2015;Fang et al 2017;Wang, Liu, et at. 2021;Wang, Yang, et al 2021).…”

“…In general, not all temporal distributions of the frequency and damage showed significant trends in the entire cluster and three clusters from 1983 . Between 1983-2000 and 2001, the average annual frequency increased, and average annual direct economic loss and average annual fatalities decreased in the entire cluster. Although most temporal patterns in the three clusters were similar to those in the entire cluster, a positive growth ratio in the average annual direct economic loss was apparent between 1983-2000 and 2001-2018 in Cluster 3.…”

Risk characteristics of China’s marine disasters and trends since 2000

“…The coastal zones along the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea are under the threat of extra-tropical induced storm surges (ETSSs), while the coastal zones along the southern Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea are under the threat of typhoon-induced storm surges (TSSs) (Wang et al, 2021). Figure 5 shows how typhoons travel from the sea to the land, affecting mainly coastal areas in southeast China.…”

Designing Subsidy Scheme for Marine Disaster Index Insurance in China

“…Marine disasters strongly influence coastal areas [1,2]. As one of the countries suffering most from marine disasters, the caused damages present a serious threat to China's economy and society, as well as the marine ecological environment [3,4]. As shown in the statistics of the China Marine Disaster Bulletin [5], various marine disasters caused direct economic losses of 11.703 billion yuan to China and 22 deaths (including missing).…”