Temporal soot evolution and diesel engine combustion: Influence of fuel composition, injection parameters, and exhaust gas recirculation

Kunte, S; Bertola, Andrea; Obrecht, Peter; Boulouchos, Konstantinous

doi:10.1243/14680874jer01006

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Increasing fuel injection pressure [3] and optimal use of exhaust gas recirculation [4] (among other combustion controls) can significantly reduce the engine-out PM. However, it is anticipated that, even with in-cylinder methods, exhaust gas after-treatment will be needed to achieve future PM emission legislative targets [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting mass measurement of diesel particulate filters at non-ambient temperatures

Williams

Garner

2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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• This is an article from the journal, Proceedings of the In- Abstract: Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are becoming a widespread method for reducing the particulate matter (PM) emissions from both on-highway and off-highway automotive diesel engines. Mass measurements of DPFs are commonly used to determine rapidly both the amount of PM trapped by the filter and the amount regenerated (removed) by regeneration systems. To avoid issues with adsorption of atmospheric water the filters are often weighed at elevated temperatures. It is shown in this work that at elevated temperatures the filters weigh less than at lower temperatures as a direct result of the buoyant hot air within the filter substrate. This study shows that consideration of the buoyancy forces allows for correction of the mass measurement for the errors relating to the non-ambient temperature of the filter, allowing mass measurements at elevated temperatures while avoiding adsorption of atmospheric water on to the filter substrate and, therefore, improving the accuracy of mass-measurement-based studies of filtration and regeneration performance of DPFs. It is demonstrated that a filter with approximately 85 per cent overall porosity weighed at 150 uC in ambient temperatures will have an error of about 0.3 g/l (typically about 10 per cent of the trapped PM mass) in the mass measurement when not correcting for the temperature. By way of an example, this is shown to have potentially an important effect on the calculated trapped PM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting mass measurement of diesel particulate filters at non-ambient temperatures

Williams

Garner

2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Increased awareness of the global and local effect of IC engine emissions has led to the restriction of the amount of engine emissions, including diesel PM, by legislative bodies. Significant reductions in PM emissions targets with each legislative cycle are forcing engine manufacturers to consider exhaust gas after-treatment devices [4] in addition to in-cylinder techniques such as increased injection pressure [5] and exhaust gas recirculation [6] to achieve suitable PM and NO x emissions. This is leading to widespread use of diesel engine exhaust particulate filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and optimization of gel-cast ceramic foam diesel particulate filter performance

Williams

Garner

Binner

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Gel-cast ceramic foams potentially offer a more robust configurable alternative filtration medium to monolithic wall flow filters (WFFs) for the reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel internal combustion engines. The fundamental back pressure and filtration efficiency characteristics of gel-cast ceramic foam diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have been investigated. Methodology is developed for the first time that allows the calculation of the effect of local PM loading on the pressure drop characteristics from experimental data without problems caused by the non-uniform PM loading in the filter that can be applied to all depth bed filtration media. The back pressure and filtration efficiency relationships were used to develop graphical design spaces to aid development of application-specific DPFs. Effects of PM distribution on the pressure drop of the filter are presented. Filters with a non-even distribution of PM were found to have lower pressure drops than filters with an evenly distributed PM for the same average specific PM loadings. The predictions showed that gel-cast ceramic foams can achieve comparable back pressure, filtration volume, and PM holding capacity with WFFs with a lower filtration efficiency of about 80 per cent. The model demonstrated that greater than 90 per cent filtration efficiency can be achieved with filter volumes of about 0.6 times the volume of a WFF with a lower PM holding capacity.

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“…Therefore, the rate and extent of the premixed combustion are closely related to the length of the ignition delay time. Based on this statement, it is expected that the speed and duration of this phase increments as the delay period increases, since both, mixing time and fraction of fuel taking part in the combustion, also augment [51]. Another factor that plays an important role in this second phase, although it is not of significance on the first one, is the time of end of injection.…”

Section: Premixed Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the ignition finally takes place, the mixture burns at a very high rate, by the multiplication of ignition pockets and the high temperature inside the combustion chamber. After this premixed combustion, the fuel that has been left unburned and any fuel subsequently injected will burn at a controlled rate, mainly dominated by its ability to mix and find oxygen [51].…”

Section: Review Of the Relevant Processes During The Reacting Spray Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels

Fajardo¹,

Martin²

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Resumen.Estosúltimos años, la tendencia en motores diesel ha sido la de emplear distintos tipos de combustibles para identificar su influencia y comportamiento sobre las emisiones y rendimiento. Dentro de la amplia variedad de combustibles empleados están los llamados combustibles de referencia (PRFs ingl. Primary Reference Fuels), los cuales representan el comportamiento del diesel y la gasolina en lo que respecta a propiedades de encendido, ya que se encuentran en ambos extremos de la escala del número de octano y también poseen números de cetano muy distintos. Una de las desventajas de utilizar gasolina pura o mezclas de diesel-gasolina en motores diesel es el tiempo que toma la mezcla en encender y quemar completamente el combustible. Esto generalmente requiere trabajar con cargas parciales o cargas premezcladas.Para poder aislar los efectos del combustibles sobre los procesos de un chorro y que sea capaz estudiar los parámetros característicos de tiempo de retraso de encendido, longitud de despegue de llama, penetración de líquido y vapor, entre otros, se han realizado distintos experimentos bajo variaciones paramétricas de condiciones de motor diesel. Los ensayos han sido realizados bajo condiciones inertes y reactivas en un motoróptico de dos tiempos y una instalación de alta presión y alta temperatura de flujo continuo a presión constante (CPF ingl. Constant-Pressure Flow ) empleando toberas mono-orificio, con aplicación de diversas técnicaś opticas. Para estudiar la influencia de las propiedades de los combustibles se utilizaron distintos mono-componentes, así como mezclas binarias y un sustituto de diesel conformado por seis componentes, el cual fuel comparado con diesel convencional. Adicionalmente, los resultados han sido contrastados con un modelo unidimensional para ayudar a explicar los valores y tendencias encontrados.Los resultados presentaron una fuerte dependencia de las propiedades de los combustibles en los ensayos realizados bajo condiciones inertes y reactivas. La diferencia entre las propiedades físicas del n-decano y n-hexadecano mostraron una reducción casi lineal sobre la longitud líquida estabilizada hasta aproximadamente un 60 % bajo ciertas condiciones. Adicionalmente, debido a la composición del combustible de sustitución, el n-hexadecano puro demostró tener características de evaporación prácticamente idénticas, probándose a sí mismo como un buen candidato para ser un sustituto mono-componente del diesel convencional. De una manera similar, las propiedades químicas de los PRFs n-heptano e iso-octano también probaron tener influencia sobre el desarrollo del chorro y radiación emitida. Se obtuvieron valores de tiempo de retraso con diferencias de hasta un orden de magnitud entre ambos extremos del rango de las mezclas, así como longitudes de despegue de llama hasta tres veces más largas. La radiación emitida por la incandescencia del hollín presentó las variaciones más altas, ya que algunas condiciones mostraron reducciones de hasta cuatroórdenes de magnitud dentro del rango de mezc...

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Temporal soot evolution and diesel engine combustion: Influence of fuel composition, injection parameters, and exhaust gas recirculation

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Correcting mass measurement of diesel particulate filters at non-ambient temperatures

Correcting mass measurement of diesel particulate filters at non-ambient temperatures

Analysis and optimization of gel-cast ceramic foam diesel particulate filter performance

An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels

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