Temporal scales for transport patterns in the Gulf of Finland

Viikmäe, Bert; Soomere, Tarmo; Viidebaum, Mikk; Berezovski, Mihhail

doi:10.3176/eng.2010.3.02

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The narrowness of the waterways in the area in question suggests that there is very little freedom in the choice of the sailing line and thus also not very bright perspectives exist for a large gain in environmental aspects compared with wider water bodies (Soomere et al 2011b;Viikmäe et al 2010). Surprisingly, the spatial variations of the used measures of risk may play a substantial role in the decrease in environmental risks.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The high variability in the percentage of the coastal hits suggests that it is necessary to look at how many coastal hits occur for each time interval of simulations. As suggested in Viikmäe et al 2010, the optimum duration of the time window should be comparable or longer than the time during which, in average, 50 % of the particles reach the coast. Figure 7 presents the average rate of coastal hits of sets of 50 particles released in locations indicated in Fig.…”

Section: Lagrangian Trajectories and Coastal Hitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The method for the approximate solving of the inverse problem of Lagrangian transport in the context of the identification of the optimum fairway described in detail in (Soomere et al , 2011aAndrejev et al 2010Andrejev et al , 2011Viikmäe et al 2010) consists of four key components: (1) a circulation model for the sea area in question, (2) a method for the calculation of Lagrangian trajectories, (3) a technique for the construction of the cost function that characterises the environmental risk and finally (4) a procedure for the identification of the optimum location of the potentially dangerous activities.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification of the environmentally safe fairway in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat

Lu¹,

Soomere

Stanev³

et al. 2012

Ocean Dynamics

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Application of the preventive techniques for the optimisation of fairways in the south-western Baltic Sea and the Kattegat in terms of protection of the coastal regions against current-driven surface transport of adverse impacts released from vessels is considered. The techniques rely on the quantification of the offshore domains (the points of release of adverse impacts) in terms of their ability to serve as a source of remote, current-driven danger to the nearshore. An approximate solution to this inverse problem of current-driven transport is obtained using statistical analysis of a large pool of Lagrangian trajectories of water particles calculated based on velocity fields from the Denmark's Meteorological Institute (DMI)/BSH cmod circulation model forced by the DMI-HIRHAM wind fields for 1990-1994. The optimum fairways are identified from the spatial distributions of the probability of hitting the coast and for the time (particle age) it takes for the pollution to reach the coast. In general, the northern side of the Darss Sill area and the western domains of the Kattegat are safer to travel. The largest variations in the patterns of safe areas and the properties of pollution beaching occur owing to the interplay of water inflow and outflow. The gain from the use of the optimum fairways is in the range of 10-30 % in terms of the decrease in the probability of coastal hit within 10 days after pollution release or an increase by about 1-2 days of the time it takes for the hit to occur.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Lagrangian Trajectories and Coastal Hitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the environmentally safe fairway in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat

Lu¹,

Soomere

Stanev³

et al. 2012

Ocean Dynamics

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“…In order to specify the properties of each release location, it therefore makes sense to calculate trajectories over suitable time interval and repeat the release of particles after some time. This philosophy is used in several studies Viikmäe et al 2010;Andrejev et al 2011). The entire time period of interest is divided into time windows of duration, t w .…”

Section: Modelling Environmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Modelling environmentally friendly fairways using Lagrangian trajectories: a case study for the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea

2011

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We address possibilities of minimising environmental risks using statistical features of current-driven propagation of adverse impacts to the coast. The recently introduced method for finding the optimum locations of potentially dangerous activities (Soomere et al. in Proc Estonian Acad Sci 59:156-165, 2010) is expanded towards accounting for the spatial distributions of probabilities and times for reaching the coast for passively advecting particles released in different sea areas. These distributions are calculated using large sets of Lagrangian trajectories found from Eulerian velocity fields provided by the Rossby Centre Ocean Model with a horizontal resolution of 2 nautical miles for 1987-1991. The test area is the Gulf of Finland in the northeastern Baltic Sea. The potential gain using the optimum fairways from the Baltic Proper to the eastern part of the gulf is an up to 44% decrease in the probability of coastal pollution and a similar increase in the average time for reaching the coast. The optimum fairways are mostly located to the north of the gulf axis (by 2-8 km on average) and meander substantially in some sections. The robustness of this approach is quantified as the typical root mean square deviation (6-16 km) between the optimum fairways specified from different criteria. Drastic variations in the width of the 'corridors' for almost optimal fairways (2-30 km for the average width of 15 km) signifies that the sensitivity of the results with respect to small changes in the environmental criteria largely varies in different parts of the gulf.

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“…For certain years, a slow anticyclonic gyre may exist in the surface layer in the wide eastern and central part of the Gulf of Finland, reflecting a relatively weak coupling of the mostly Ekmandrift-driven surface-layer dynamics with that in the deeper layers. Semi-persistent (timescales of about a week, Viikmäe et al 2010) patterns of rapid Lagrangian surface transport mostly follow the usual location of coastal currents but may stretch across the gulf during certain months and seasons (Soomere et al 2011a).…”

Section: Surface Circulation and Related Processes-recent Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Change—Marine Circulation and Stratification

Elken

Lehmann

Myrberg

2015

Regional Climate Studies

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This chapter describes recent change in the circulation and stratification of the Baltic Sea. A recent warming trend in sea-surface waters has been clearly demonstrated by in situ measurements, remote sensing data and numerical models. Trends in sea-surface temperature (SST) for the past three to four decades based on remote sensing data generally agree with trends determined from in situ observations. Models suggest the current warming within the Baltic Sea lies within the range experienced during the past 500 years. The salinity and stratification of the deep waters are strongly linked to the major inflows of North Sea water that occur sporadically and bring high-saline water into the deep layers of the Baltic Sea. The major inflows normally occur during winter and spring and bring cold oxygen-rich waters into the deep basins. Since 1996, large inflows have also occurred during summer, bringing in warm low-oxygen water. IntroductionChanges in thermohaline characteristics and stratification of the water column are usually analysed on the basis of data from repeat hydrographic observations, originating from shipborne monitoring programmes and/or permanent coastal and offshore oceanographic stations. Such datasets are described in recent books by Feistel et al. (2008) and Leppäranta and Myrberg (2009). In situ observations are often irregular in space and time, especially for offshore areas; therefore, trends and variability in the ocean state can only be determined by careful pre-processing of the data to address issues such as data homogenisation and the suppression of aliasing errors. In recent decades, horizontal undersampling by in situ measurements has been partially offset by the remote sensing of sea-surface properties from satellites; with these data free of spatial aliasing errors due to their high horizontal resolution. Satellite-derived cloud-free products for sea-surface temperature (SST) have been reasonably accurate since the 1980s. Many of the papers published over the past decade that address trends and variability in the circulation and stratification of the Baltic Sea are based on remote sensing data, often in combination with in situ observations and the results of numerical modelling. Improvements in the physical and numerical features of the models, accompanied by model validation studies, have increased confidence in the realism of the model results. Models provide dynamically balanced gridded datasets over decades or longer, including information for 'noisy' variables such as currents, transport and mixing fluxes. This chapter analyses the recent peer-reviewed literature, extending the findings from earlier review (Box 7.1).

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Temporal scales for transport patterns in the Gulf of Finland

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Identification of the environmentally safe fairway in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat

Identification of the environmentally safe fairway in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat

Modelling environmentally friendly fairways using Lagrangian trajectories: a case study for the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea

Recent Change—Marine Circulation and Stratification

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