Temporal response patterns of auditory nerve fibers to electrical stimulation in deafened squirrel monkeys

Parkins, Charles W.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(89)90007-5

Cited by 89 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The estimates of the ARP appeared too short, and in most cases were even negative (mean t D across the 186 estimates, Ϫ0.041 ms; median, Ϫ0.001 ms). The estimates of the RRP (mean 1/ R , 2.77 ms; median, 2.45 ms), in contrast, appeared too long in light of the results of direct measurements after electrical stimulation of the AN, which indicate values in the range of 0.2-1.5 ms (Parkins, 1989;Brown, 1994;Dynes, 1996;Cartee et al, 2000;Miller et al, 2001;Shepherd et al, 2004;Morsnowski et al, 2006). Such long estimates of the RRP are also incompatible with the ability of AN fibers to follow high rates of electrical stimulation with 1 spike per pulse, up to at least 800/s (Javel and Shepherd, 2000), which requires the mean refractory period to be Յ1.25 ms.…”

Section: Probing Model Iamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The estimates of the ARP and of the time constant of the RRP appear very plausible, in light of independent estimates available through other studies (Parkins, 1989;Brown, 1994;Dynes, 1996;Cartee et al, 2000;Miller et al, 2001;Shepherd et al, 2004;Morsnowski et al, 2006) and in addition were rather narrowly distributed. The estimates of the ARP, t D , had a median of 0.59 ms and an interquartile range of 0.40 -0.78 ms and a mean Ϯ SD of 0.65 Ϯ 0.62 ms.…”

Section: Estimates Of Parameters Returned By Model IImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous Activity of Auditory-Nerve Fibers: Insights into Stochastic Processes at Ribbon Synapses

Heil¹,

Neubauer²,

Irvine³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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In several sensory systems, the conversion of the representation of stimuli from graded membrane potentials into stochastic spike trains is performed by ribbon synapses. In the mammalian auditory system, the spiking characteristics of the vast majority of primary afferent auditory-nerve (AN) fibers are determined primarily by a single ribbon synapse in a single inner hair cell (IHC), and thus provide a unique window into the operation of the synapse. Here, we examine the distributions of interspike intervals (ISIs) of cat AN fibers under conditions when the IHC membrane potential can be considered constant and the processes generating AN fiber activity can be considered stationary, namely in the absence of auditory stimulation. Such spontaneous activity is commonly thought to result from an excitatory Poisson point process modified by the refractory properties of the fiber, but here we show that this cannot be the case. Rather, the ISI distributions are one to two orders of magnitude better and very accurately described as a result of a homogeneous stochastic process of excitation (transmitter release events) in which the distribution of interevent times is a mixture of an exponential and a gamma distribution with shape factor 2, both with the same scale parameter. Whereas the scale parameter varies across fibers, the proportions of exponentially and gamma distributed intervals in the mixture, and the refractory properties, can be considered constant. This suggests that all of the ribbon synapses operate in a similar manner, possibly just at different rates. Our findings also constitute an essential step toward a better understanding of the spike-train representation of time-varying stimuli initiated at this synapse, and thus of the fundamentals of temporal coding in the auditory pathway.

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Section: Probing Model Iamentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Estimates Of Parameters Returned By Model IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Activity of Auditory-Nerve Fibers: Insights into Stochastic Processes at Ribbon Synapses

Heil¹,

Neubauer²,

Irvine³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…In spite of this, the rate of vesicle fusion decreases on a time scale similar to that of short-term adaptation (Moser and Beutner 2000;Spassova et al 2004), and refilling of the emptied vesicle pool is kinetically similar to recovery from this adaptation ). Adaptation resulting from direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve (i.e., bypassing the hair cell) contrasts with acoustically evoked adaptation in that it is mild and seen only under certain conditions (Parkins 1989;Javel 1996;Miller et al 2006). Miller et al (2006) also note that adaptation to electric stimuli can be reduced by increasing the level of stimulation, a phenomenon not seen with acoustic stimulation.…”

Section: Adaptation Across the Tonotopic Axis Of The Basilar Papillamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonotopic Distribution of Short-Term Adaptation Properties in the Cochlear Nerve of Normal and Acoustically Overexposed Chicks

Crumling

Saunders

2007

JARO

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Cochlear nerve adaptation is thought to result, at least partially, from the depletion of neurotransmitter stores in hair cells. Recently, neurotransmitter vesicle pools have been identified in chick tall hair cells that might play a role in adaptation. In order to understand better the relationship between adaptation and neurotransmitter release dynamics, short-term adaptation was characterized by using peristimulus time histograms of single-unit activity in the chick cochlear nerve. The adaptation function resulting from 100-ms pure tone stimuli presented at the characteristic frequency, +20 dB relative to threshold, was well described as a single exponential decay process with an average time constant of 18.6 T 0.8 ms (mean T SEM). The number of spikes contributed by the adapting part of the response increased tonotopically for characteristic frequencies up to õ0.8 kHz. Comparison of the adaptation data with known physiological and anatomical hair cell properties suggests that depletion of the readily releasable pool is the basis of short-term adaptation in the chick. With this idea in mind, short-term adaptation was used as a proxy for assessing tall hair cell synaptic function following intense acoustic stimulation. After 48 h of exposure to an intense pure tone, the time constant of short-term adaptation was unaltered, whereas the number of spikes in the adapting component was increased at characteristic frequencies at and above the exposure frequency. These data suggest that the rate of readily releasable pool emptying is unaltered, but the neurotransmitter content of the pool is increased, by exposure to intense sound. The results imply that an increase in readily releasable pool size might be a compensatory mechanism ensuring the strength of the hair cell afferent synapse in the face of ongoing acoustic stress.

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“…Various animal models have been used to conduct this research, including mouse (Steel and Bock, 1984), gerbil (Hessel et al, 1997;Kadner and Scheich, 2000;Ryan et al, 1990), cat (Leake et al, 1995;Xu et al, 1997;Klinke et al, 1999;Smith et al, 1994), guinea pig (Miller et al, 1983(Miller et al, , 1993Shepherd et al, 2002;Shepherd et al, 2005), and primates (Parkins, 1989;Pfingst et al, 1995;Pfingst et al, 1979;Shepherd et al, 1995). The development of a rat model of cochlear implantation -given the low costs of this species, its low mortality rate following surgical intervention, the extensive auditory research already performed, and its applicability for molecular biological/proteomics research -is attractive, particularly in a chronic application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cochlear implantation in rats: A new surgical approach

Lü

Shepherd

2005

Hearing Research

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The laboratory rat has been used extensively in auditory research but has had limited use in cochlear implant related research due mainly to the surgically restricted access to the scala tympani. We have developed a new surgical method for cochlear implantation in rats. The key to this protocol was cauterizing the stapedial artery (SA) and making a small cochleostomy near the round window in order to enlarge the surgical access to the scala tympani. Five normal hearing Hooded Wistar rats were used to investigate the effect of cauterizing the SA on hearing and auditory nerve survival. Results showed that cauterizing the SA was surgically feasible, afforded excellent exposure of the round window niche for cochleostomy, and did not adversely affect acoustic thresholds measured electrophysiologically. Moreover, there was no difference in spiral ganglion cell densities for any cochlear turn when compared with the contralateral control ears. Three deafened rats were subsequently implanted with a scala tympani electrode array using this new surgical approach. Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses using bipolar stimulation, and subsequent cochlear histopathology demonstrated that the cochlear implantation using a custom-made rat electrode array was safe and effective. The surgical approach presented in this paper presents a safe and effective procedure for acute or chronic cochlear implantation in the rat model.

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Temporal response patterns of auditory nerve fibers to electrical stimulation in deafened squirrel monkeys

Cited by 89 publications

References 24 publications

Spontaneous Activity of Auditory-Nerve Fibers: Insights into Stochastic Processes at Ribbon Synapses

Spontaneous Activity of Auditory-Nerve Fibers: Insights into Stochastic Processes at Ribbon Synapses

Tonotopic Distribution of Short-Term Adaptation Properties in the Cochlear Nerve of Normal and Acoustically Overexposed Chicks

Cochlear implantation in rats: A new surgical approach

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