“…The attitude of students toward mathematics has been the subject of a great deal of attention from educators (e.g., (Chen et al, 2018;Goldin et al, 2016)). Students with a positive attitude toward mathematics tend to enjoy the subject, understand its value, and have confidence in it; thus, they are likely to prioritize the study of mathematics (Kiwanuka, Van Damme, Van den Noortgate, & Reynolds, 2020;Mullis, Martin, Foy, Kelly, & Fishbein, 2020), which could lead to high performance in the same (Chouinard, Karsenti, & Roy, 2007;Guo, Marsh, Parker, Morin, & Yeung, 2015;Wigfield., Tonks, & Klauda, 2016). Although several researchers have reported a positive relationship between students' attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics achievement (Bhowmik & Roy, 2016;Bramlett & Herron, 2009;Chen et al, 2018;Dowker, Cheriton, Horton, & Mark, 2019;Guo et al, 2015;Kadijevich, 2008;Lipnevich, Preckel, & Krumm, 2016;Ma.…”