Temporal regulation of terpene synthase gene expression in Eucalyptus globulus leaves upon ozone and wounding stresses: relationships with stomatal ozone uptake and emission responses

Abstract

Ozone and wounding are key abiotic factors but, their interactive effects on temporal changes in terpene synthase gene expression and emission responses are poorly understood. Here, we applied combined acute ozone and wounding stresses to the constitutive isoprenoid-emitter Eucalyptus globulus and studied how isoprene, 1,8-cineole, and isoledene synthase genes were regulated, and how the gene expression was associated with temporal changes in photosynthetic characteristics, product emission rates, and stomatal ozone uptake through recovery phase. Photosynthetic characteristics and emission rate of isoprene, 1,8-cineole, and isoledene were synergistically altered, while three TPS gene expressions were antagonistically altered by combined stress applications. A time-delay analysis indicated that the best correspondences between gene expression and product emission rates were observed for 0 h time-shift for wounding and 0-2 h time-shifts for separate ozone, and combined ozone and wounding treatments. The best correspondence between ozone uptake and gene expression was observed for 0-4 h time-shifts for separate ozone and combined ozone and wounding treatments. Overall, this study demonstrated that expression profiles of isoprene, the monoterpene 1,8-cineole, and the sesquiterpene isoledene synthase genes differentially influenced their corresponding product emissions for separate and combined ozone and wounding treatments through recovery.

Quantification and Localization of Formylated Phloroglucinol Compounds (FPCs) in Eucalyptus Species

“…Furthermore, with atmospheric CO 2 and temperatures increasing at unprecedented rates, it is important to investigate how different climatic factors will influence FPC concentrations, and the impact this may have on ecological and commercial systems. Previous studies have shown that environmental stresses related to climate change—such as elevated atmospheric CO 2 and ozone—can increase specialized metabolite concentration in Eucalyptus (Gleadow et al, 1998; Kanagendran et al, 2018). Our improved method to detect and quantify FPCs will allow future studies to investigate how those compounds respond to environmental changes.…”

Cultivation Substrate Composition Influences Morphology, Volatilome and Essential Oil of Lavandula Angustifolia Mill.

“…Volatile organic compounds can vary drastically depending on several other factors [59]. Among these, abiotic and biotic stresses have affected the emission rate of the hydrophilic oxygenated monoterpene 1,8-cineole in Eucalyptus globulus Labill., through the regulation of terpene synthase and stomatal conductance [60]. The emission rates of the same compound were found to be also lightand temperature-dependent in Pinus sylvestris L. [61], Hesperis matronalis L. [62] and Pinus pinea L.…”

A New Modeling Approach for Estimating Abiotic and Biotic Stress-Induced de novo Emissions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds From Plants

“…In parallel and without any further stress event, a slower response builds up within 5-15 h which needs ∼1-2 days to fade out. However, the pattern has not been observed in all investigations which might partly be related to methods that are too coarse to detect such fast responses (Behnke et al, 2009;Pazouki et al, 2016;Acton et al, 2018;Kanagendran et al, 2018a). In these cases, normally only the second peak is described in the publication.…”