Temporal predictive mechanisms modulate motor reaction time during initiation and inhibition of speech and hand movement

Cerebellar-cortical function and connectivity during sensorimotor behavior in aging FMR1 gene premutation carriers

“…These results may be related to the bradykinesia previously documented in FXTAS patients ( Niu et al, 2014 ) and may represent a distinct motor marker of degeneration relative to the control of precision output. We used a fixed inter-trial rest interval during our sensorimotor task in this study suggesting that increased RTs may reflect reduced ability to anticipate the timing of patterned behavior ( Johari and Behroozmand, 2017 ). Direct comparisons of fixed and variable inter-trial intervals during rapid motor actions will be important for characterizing predictive motor processes and their neural substrates in premutation carriers.…”

Dissociation between Temporal and Spatial Anticipation in the Neural Dynamics of Goal-directed Movement Preparation

“…The objective of using repeated exposure to either constant or variable delay periods was to manipulate participants' expectancy of the go-cue to build an internal representation of the moment of target onset (Nobre et al, 2007). This way, it is assumed that a constant delay period would render the go-cue occurrence more predictable than a variable delay period and would reduce RTs ( Johari & Behroozmand, 2017;Niemi & Näätänen, 1981;Alegria, 1975). Although different approaches could have been used to influence temporal anticipation, such as rhythmic entrainment to a tone (Alegre et al, 2003), here the rationale for building a temporal prior of target onset was to keep the preparatory period exempt of additional sensory stimuli (i.e., rhythmic tones), which would have themselves influenced oscillatory activity and made it difficult to compare EEG modulations across conditions.…”

“…The time necessary to initiate a reaching movement toward an appearing stimulus, referred to as RT, is known to be influenced by prior knowledge as to when and where it will appear. In support, studies manipulating the temporal predictability of an impending target have shown that RTs are faster when the timing of movement initiation is predictable as compared with when it is not (i.e., temporal anticipation; Johari & Behroozmand, 2017;Nobre, Correa, & Coull, 2007;Niemi & Näätänen, 1981;Alegria, 1975). Similarly, studies manipulating the number of possible reach target locations have shown that RTs are faster when the direction of the movement is specified in advance as compared with when it is not (i.e., spatial anticipation; Schmidt & Lee, 2011;Hick, 1952).…”

Behavioral and neural correlates of normal aging effects on motor preparatory mechanisms of speech production and limb movement

“…Findings of previous studies in young adults have shown that the internal predictive mechanisms are modulated by the inherent temporal characteristics of external sensory stimuli (Bertelson and Boons 1960;Bevan et al 1965;Vallesi et al 2009a;Koppe et al 2014;Berchicci et al 2015;Behroozmand et al 2016). This effect has been suggested to account for increased accuracy of the temporal predictive codes in response to predictable vs. unpredictable sensory stimuli, and subsequently faster motor reaction times in response to stimuli with predictable timing patterns (Klemmer 1956;Karlin 1959;Li et al 2005;Koppe et al 2014;Johari and Behroozmand 2017b;Johari and Behroozmand 2017a).…”

“…Based on findings of previous studies (Bherer and Belleville 2004;Sterr and Dean 2008;Balci et al 2009;Seidler et al 2010;Diersch et al 2016;, we hypothesized that older adults would exhibit greater decline in motor timing processing of temporally unpredictable compared to predictable sensory stimuli, as indexed by slowed motor reaction times during speech production and limb movement. In addition, previous research has led to the identification of pre-motor ERP activities over the frontal and parietal areas that were modulated by temporal characteristics of sensory stimuli (Walter et al 1964;Alegre et al 2003;Pfeuty et al 2005;Nobre et al 2007;Coull et al 2016;Johari and Behroozmand 2017b;, and it was shown that these neural responses were increased in older adults for tasks involving speech production and limb movement (Haaland et al 1993;Yan et al 1998;Berchicci et al 2012). Based on these data, we focused on examining the premotor ERP correlates of speech and limb movement and hypothesized that older adults would exhibit stronger neural activities within a fronto-parietal network, reflecting their need for access to additional neural resources for motor planning and execution of movement during motor reaction time tasks.…”