Temporal Patterns of Daily Occupations Related to Older Adults' Health in Northern Sweden

Independent Older Adult’s IADL and Executive Function According to Cognitive Performance

“…To help target relevant interventions, occupational therapists routinely evaluate cognitive changes and their influence on autonomy and independence, two main factors affecting quality of life which are critical in light of the aging global population (Andresen et al, 2009;Björklund et al, 2015;Fernández-Mayoralas et al, 2015;Lau et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2013;Zingmark et al, 2016). Everyday life activities demand cognitive processes which involve planning, coping with unfamiliar situations, unexpected obstacles, and interruptions in addition to keeping track of more than one thing at a time; selecting, applying, or switching strategies when needed (Toglia et al, 2017); and integrating of multiple steps and actions, as sequencing for goal achievement (Wesson et al, 2016).…”

“…However, there are gender differences in IADL difficulties among older adults, and therefore, it is necessary to examine male and female IADL separately when viewing it as a health outcome (Tomioka et al, 2017). Thus, it is important to broaden our understanding regarding functional disability in IADL and to intervene accordingly to prevent further cognitive decline while promoting health and well-being in old age (Björklund et al, 2015;Lau et al, 2015;Mazzuco et al, 2013;Zingmark et al, 2016).…”

“…Interestingly, the potential association between age-related decline in planning ability and specific task demands has not been systematically studied and the specific nature of planning deficits in normal aging remains unclear (Köstering et al, 2014). Greater knowledge of older adults' temporal organization patterns of daily activities is required to develop further strategies to assist them in coping with performance challenges and to promote health and well-being (Björklund et al, 2015;Toglia et al, 2017). Although women live longer and thus are at greater risk for age-related diseases, the literature on cognitive decline with age among men and women's experiences are controversial (Reas et al, 2017).…”

Time for Activities for Girls and Women with Rett Syndrome

“…The study demonstrated that a time-geographical diary method might be useful in occupational science studies because it comprises an entire day, it presents more in-depth results, and it appears to be useful for individual rehabilitative purposes as well as for describing everyday life at an individual, household and population level, as well as for democratic dialogue between policy makers and citizens (Ellegård, 2006). Occupational therapy researchers have previously used this method to study different activity areas and participants' everyday activities (Björklund, Erlandsson, Lilja, & Gard, 2015;Kellegrew & Kroksmark, 2000;Kroksmark & Nordell, 2001;Liedberg, Hesselstrand, & Henriksson, 2004;Nilsson, Blanchard, & Wicks, 2013;Orban et al, 2012).…”

Health throughout the lifespan: The phenomenon of the inner child reflected in events during childhood experienced by older persons

“…Laslett ( 1987 ) discussed the increased years of good health that many older persons experience. According to Björklund, Erlandsson, Lilja, and Gard ( 2015 ), more focus should be placed on resources for older persons that might promote health and well-being, instead of focusing on loss of function. Health has been defined by the World Health Organization as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1946 , p. 100), which is necessary for the individual's possibility of living a good and satisfying life (WHO 1986 , 1998 ).…”