Temporal patterns and quantification of excretion of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp<i>paratuberculosis</i>in sheep with Johne's disease

Whittington, Richard J.; Reddacliff, L.A.; Marsh, Ian; McAllister, S.; Saunders, Vanessa F.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10355.x

Cited by 77 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since a clinically affected cow may shed over 10 8 bacteria per gram of faeces (Whittington et al 2000), and an infective dose is considered to be 10 6 , the likelihood of transmission to freeranging immature ruminants, sharing pasture directly or indirectly with infected cattle is high. Epidemiological evidence that should be addressed is the fact that the deer herd is located in the proximity of a dairy farm that has more than 800 lactating cows and both farms belongs to the same owner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. In Chile, information about Map isolation from both domestic ruminant and wildlife species has been accumulating, but it has extended to other species. In Chile, deer farming activity has been focused in hunting and meat production. No paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. In the present study, chronic diarrhea and poor body condition in some animals belonging to a deer farm was informed. Four adult affected hinds were euthanized under suspicion of paratuberculosis. In all animals macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with paratuberculosis were observed. Map-positive culture results from faecal and tissue samples, complemented with positive-PCR-results from fixed tissues are informed. Evidence has been found on cattle and deer populations being connected since molecular characterization of the Map isolated from deer lack of variation between the cattle control strain. The latter could indicate that both species share the same bacteria, suggesting there is interspecies transmission. Complementary diagnostic methods were accurate to diagnose paratuberculosis and to differentiate the clinical deer case from other mycobacterial infection. The epidemiological findings suggest that the infection in the deer farm could be transmitted from a cattle herd, making this the first reported case of paratuberculosis in deer farm in Chile.Key words: deer, histopathology, paratuberculosis, PCR. RESUMENMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) es el agente etiológico de la patuberculosis. En Chile, antecedentes del aislamiento de Map tanto en rumiantes domésticos como en especies de vida silvestre se han ido acumulando a través del tiempo, sin embargo, esto tiene que estar afectando también a otras especies. En Chile, la crianza de ciervos se ha focalizado en dos objetivos: cotos de caza y producción de carnes exóticas, no existiendo un programa de vigilancia ni siendo reportada esta enfermedad en rebaños de este tipo. Este trabajo reporta la presencia de diarrea crónica y pobre condición corporal en algunos animales pertenecientes a una granja de ciervos donde se sospechó la presencia de paratuberculosis. Cuatro ciervos adultos fueron eutanaziados bajo esta sospecha. Todos los animales presentaron lesiones macro y microscópicas compatibles con paratuberculosis. Resultados positivos al cultivo bacteriológico a partir de heces y muestras de tejido, además de PCR a partir de tejido fijado evidencian la infección. De acuerdo a los resultados de caracterización molecular de las cepas aisladas de los ciervos que no muestran variación entre cepas control de bovino, se evidencia que ambas poblaciones estarían conectadas. Complementariamente, los métodos diagnósticos utilizados fueron muy precisos para diagnosticar paratuberculosis y para diferenciar casos clínicos en ciervos de otras micobacteriosis. Las características epidemiológicas descritas en este estudio sugieren que la infecció...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Under field conditions the disease is transmitted principally by the ingestion of feed and water contaminated by the faeces of infected animals (Chiodini et al, 1984a;Rosenberger et al, 1992). Excretion of M. paratuberculosis in Merino sheep with multibacillary Johne's disease occurred daily, proving that environmental contamination can be continuous on farms with endemic ovine Johne's disease (Whittington et al, 2000).…”

Section: Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Ayele¹,

Macháčková²,

Pavlík³

2001

Vet. Med. - Czech

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) infects domestic cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wild ruminants leading to chronic enteritis known as paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease). The infection is chronic, progressive and unresponsive to treatment. Most infected animals do not develop clinical disease but may excrete the bacteria. Clinically sick animals suffer emaciation and in some species diarrhoea, followed by eventual death. During the course of the disease, excretion of M. paratuberculosis in faeces and milk occurs, and the organism spreads through the blood and lymph vessels of infected animals to multiple internal organs. The infection disseminates to both the female and male reproductive organs. Though M. paratuberculosis is not classified as a human pathogen, current opinions on the possible role of this mycobacteria in public health is discussed. This article attempts to review the ways and circumstances by which M. paratuberculosis is transmitted within an animal population and the importance of the disease on animal production. Published reports concerning the transmission and epidemiology of the disease are reviewed herein, and preventive and control measures are summarised.

show abstract

“…Infected sheep can shed huge amounts of MAP in their faeces -as high as 10 8 mycobacterial bacilli per gram of faeces (Whittington et al, 2000) -and thus contaminate pasture and act as major source of infection for susceptible animals. Therefore, control of Johne's disease is usually based on culling these highly infectious animals or by using management practices to avoid or minimise their contact with susceptible animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can early host responses to mycobacterial infection predict eventual disease outcomes?

Silva

Begg

Plain

et al. 2013

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article published in [Prev Vet Med] AbstractDiagnostic tests used for Johne's disease in sheep either have poor sensitivity and specificity or only detect disease in later stages of infection. Predicting which of the infected sheep are likely to become infectious later in life is currently not feasible and continues to be a major hindrance in disease control. We conducted this longitudinal study to investigate if a suite of diagnostic tests conducted in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) exposed lambs at 4 months post infection can accurately predict their clinical status at 12 months post infection. We tracked cellular and humoral responses and quantity of MAP shedding for up to 12 months post challenge in 20 controls and 37 exposed sheep. Infection was defined at necropsy by tissue culture and disease spectrum by lesion type. Data were analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and a subset of variables from the earliest period post inoculation (4 months) was selected for predicting disease outcomes later on (12 months). Sensitivity and specificity of tests and their combinations in series and parallel were determined. Early elevation in faecal MAP DNA quantity and a lower interferon gamma (IFNγ) response were significantly associated with sheep becoming infectious as well as progressing to severe disease. Conversely, early low faecal MAP DNA and higher interleukin-10 responses were significantly associated with an exposed animal developing protective immunity. Combination of early elevated faecal MAP DNA or lower IFNγ response had the highest sensitivity (75%) and specificity (81%) for identifying sheep that would become infectious. Collectively, these results highlight the potential for combined test interpretation to aid in the early prediction of sheep susceptibility to MAP infection.

show abstract

Temporal patterns and quantification of excretion ofMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosisin sheep with Johne's disease

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Can early host responses to mycobacterial infection predict eventual disease outcomes?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About