Temporal Parameters of Negative Visual Hallucination

Blum, Gerald S.; Porter, Marcia L.; Geiwitz, P. James

doi:10.1080/00207147808414461

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A number of earlier studies investigated hypnotically induced color blindness (Blum & Porter, 1973;Blum, Porter, & Geiwitz, 1978;Cunningham & Blum, 1982;Harvey & Sipprelle, 1978;Miller, Lundy, & Galbraith, 1970 reported that a suggestion for visual blurring of either color or form of consonants resulted in poorer identification of the features of tachistoscopically presented letters (Blum & Porter, 1973;Blum et al, 1978). In contrast, Miller et al (1970) reported that the hallucination of a color filter with physical features that should have allowed perception of a number within a stimulus did not result in participants reporting that number.…”

Section: Hypnotic Color Blindness and Performance On The Stroop Test'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnotic color blindness and performance on the stroop test

Mallard

Bryant

2001

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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A suggestion for hypnotic color blindness was investigated by administering a reverse Stroop color-naming task. Prior to the suggestion for color blindness, participants learned associations between color names and shapes. Following the color blindness suggestion, participants were required to name the shapes when they appeared in colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the learned associations. The 18 high hypnotizable participants who passed the suggestion were slower to name (a) shapes in which the color name was incongruent with the color in which it was printed, (b) "unseen" rather than "seen" shapes, and (c) color-incongruent shapes that were printed in the color in which they were "color-blind." These patterns are discussed in terms of potential cognitive and social mechanisms that may mediate responses to hypnotic color blindness.

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Section: Hypnotic Color Blindness and Performance On The Stroop Test'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnotic color blindness and performance on the stroop test

Mallard

Bryant

2001

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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“…For instance, Gur (1978, 1979; have presented evidence that individuals differ in tendencies to engage in self-deception. Blum (1975;Blum & Porter, 1973;Blum, Porter, & Geiwitz, 1978), on the basis of studies of hypnotic negative visual hallucinations, viewed the capacity to inhibit processing of perceptual inputs as a skill varying among individuals. Likewise, in the psychoanalytic literature, a distinction has been made between those patients with hysterical conversion reactions who engage in repression or blocking and those patients who in addition employ denial (e.g., Chodoff, 1954).…”

Section: A Model Of Hysterical Conversion Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of hysterical and hypnotic blindness: Cognition, motivation, and awareness.

Sackeïm¹,

Nordlie²,

Gur³

1979

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Clinical and experimental analyses of hysterical conversion reactions of blindness are reviewed. A model is offered to account for the visually controlled behavior of the psychogenically blind. The model attributes a central role to motivational factors in determining selective nonawareness of cognition, A case study of hypnotic blindness is presented that illustrates the utility of the model. The model has implications for interpretations of other hypnotic phenomena and for views concerning the relations between cognition and awareness.There have been long-standing debates in psychology and philosophy concerning the relations between cognition and awareness (e.g.,

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“…168-170) The currently proposed model of selective inattention helps to clarify the operation of inhibitory mechanisms in such phenomena as negative visual hallucination and posthypnotic amnesia. The concept of inhibitory skill, varying among individuals and subject to improvement with practice, emerged forcefully from our studies of negative visual hallucination (Blum, Porter, & Geiwitz, 1978). This skill can be linked to the speed of attenuator preprogramming.…”

Section: Applying the Model To Hypnotic And Psychodynamic Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a series of investigations (Blum, Porter, & Geiwitz, 1978) was carried out to explore temporal parameters of a prototypic inhibitory phenomenon, the hypnotically induced negative visual hallucination. The effect of priming time, that is, the advance preparation needed by a subject to mobilize inhibitory capacity for effective operation on an imminent target, was studied along with the roles of stimulus duration and intensive practice over time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selective inattention to anxiety-linked stimuli.

Blum¹,

Barbour²

1979

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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The term selective inattention as used here subsumes those phenomena whose primary function is the active blocking or attenuation of partially processed contents en route to conscious expression. Examples are anxiety-motivated forgetting or perceptual distortion and hypnotically induced negative hallucinations. Studies in the field of selective attention have typically been designed to explain what takes place in a task in which the subject is first instructed to attend to a particular stimulus and then to consciously execute that instruction as well as he can. The rejection of content in process is examined only sceondarily as a consequence of the acceptance of relevant information. In the present experiments and theorizing, the emphasis instead is on inhibitory operations that take place automatically, without conscious intent, in response to a potential anxiety reaction. Experiment 1 explored the interaction of anxiety-linked inattention with strength of a target stimulus. Three female subjects were programmed under hypnosis to respond posthypnotically in the On condition with prescribed degrees of anxiety when certain Blacky pictures popped into mind later ,t the end of experimental trials; in the Off conditionall pictures were to become neutral. With the three female subjects still under hypnosis, each of the loaded pictures was then paired with a four-letter work relevant to the individual's own version of what was happening in the picture. The waking recognition task, carried out with amnesia for the prior hypnotic programming, consisted of tachistoscopic exposure of loaded words and physically similar filler words at four durations within a baseline range of recognition accuracy from 50%--75% correct. The data yielded a curvilinear relationship in which the recognition of only the loaded words was significnatly lower in the On condition at the 60%--70% range of recognition accuracy but not at shorter or longer stimulus durations. Experiment 2, for which the prior hypnotic programming of the same three subjects was similar to Experiment 1, used an anagram approach to comparable four-letter words, except that pleasure-loaded words were introduced as a control along with filler words. Four durations of tachistoscopic exposure of the anagrams were used with each individual, and the major dependent variable was response latency measured in milliseconds. An independent measure of perceptual discriminability of the scrambled stimulus letters was obtained to isolate perceptual from cognitive aspects of the task. The results indicated that both low perceivability and high solvability increase the likelihood of response delays specifically in the presence of anxiety-linked stimuli. Experiment 3 was a nonhypnotic replication of Experiment 2, using 12 male and 13 female subjects. The potential affective loading of key anxiety and pleasure words was accomplished by structured scenarios for the Blacky pictures in which subjects were asked to place themselves as vividly as possible...

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Temporal Parameters of Negative Visual Hallucination

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Hypnotic color blindness and performance on the stroop test

Hypnotic color blindness and performance on the stroop test

A model of hysterical and hypnotic blindness: Cognition, motivation, and awareness.

Selective inattention to anxiety-linked stimuli.

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