Temporal Lobe Epilepsy – Pathophysiology and Mechanisms

Ong, Leong Tung

doi:10.17925/enr.2019.14.2.66

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This result indicates that inferences about arbitrary-associational memory which assumes the semantic-free characteristics of hard pairs may not be valid and that all linguistic material may be subject to semantic organization in memory retrieval. Although we noted only small effect sizes for left verses right TLE differences, given the staged or developmental lesion underlying most cases of TLE, strong lateralizing effects were not expected (Ong, 2020). However, it may be that application of the hub-andspoke scoring to patients with an acute-onset disease in one or other temporal lobe may reveal larger effects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Exploring the Semantic Structure of WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates using the Hub-and-Spoke Model

Furey

Bowden

Simpson

et al. 2021

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives: This study aimed to identify a well-fitting and theoretically justified item-level latent factor structure for the Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS)-IV verbal paired associates (VerbalPA) subtest to facilitate the ease and accuracy of score interpretations for patients with lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: Archival data were used from 250 heterogeneous neurosciences patients who were administered the WMS-IV as part of a standard neuropsychological assessment. Three theoretically motivated models for the latent structure of VerbalPA were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The first model, based on cognitive principles of semantic processing from hub-and-spoke theory, tested whether performance is related to specific semantic features of target words. The second, motivated by the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) model of cognitive abilities, investigated whether the associative properties of items influence performance. A third, Hybrid model tested whether performance is related to both semantic and associative properties of items. The best-fitting model was tested for diagnostic group effects contrasting the heterogeneous neuroscience patients with subsets of left and right TLE (n = 51, n = 26, respectively) patients. Results: The Hybrid model was found to have the best fit. Patients with left TLE scored significantly less well than the heterogeneous neurosciences sample on selected semantic factor scores, although the effect size was small. Conclusions: Future editions of the WMS may consider implementing a semantic scoring structure for the VerbalPA to facilitate test score interpretation. Additionally, these results suggest that principles of hub-and-spoke theory may be integrated into CHC cognitive ability taxonomy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Exploring the Semantic Structure of WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates using the Hub-and-Spoke Model

Furey

Bowden

Simpson

et al. 2021

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…1,41 This condition may have devastating consequences [e.g., sudden unexpected death 42 ] and should be taken into account seriously when considering the therapeutic options for the patient. The underlying etiologies of TLE are diverse [2][3][4]43 ; therefore, the treatment plans should differ for different patients (e.g., surgery for lesional TLEs and medical therapy for autoimmune TLEs). Since TLE may be a comorbid condition with SADs, in the current study, we explored whether TLE has shared gene variations with three common SADs (i.e., IDDM, SLE, and RA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic link between systemic autoimmune disorders and temporal lobe epilepsy: A bioinformatics study

et al. 2023

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Objective:We aimed to explore the underlying pathomechanisms of the comorbidity between three common systemic autoimmune disorders (SADs) [i.e., insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), using bioinformatics tools. We hypothesized that there are shared genetic variations among these four conditions. Methods: Different databases (DisGeNET, Harmonizome, and Enrichr) were searched to find TLE-associated genes with variants; their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were gathered from the literature. We also did a separate literature search using PubMed with the following keywords for original articles: "TLE" or "Temporal lobe epilepsy" AND "genetic variation," "single nucleotide polymorphism," "SNP," or "genetic polymorphism." In the next step, the SNPs associated with TLE were searched in the LitVar database to find the shared gene variations with RA, SLE, and IDDM.Results: Ninety unique SNPs were identified to be associated with TLE. LitVar search identified two SNPs that were shared between TLE and all three SADs (i.e., IDDM, SLE, and RA). The first SNP was rs16944 on the Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene. The second genetic variation was ε4 variation of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene.Significance: The shared genetic variations (i.e., rs16944 on the IL-1β gene and ε4 variation of the APOE gene) may explain the underlying pathomechanisms of the comorbidity between three common SADs (i.e., IDDM, SLE, and RA) and TLE. Exploring such shared genetic variations may help find targeted therapies for patients with TLE, especially those with drug-resistant seizures who also have comorbid SADs.

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“…Author details 1 Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia. 2 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive and hypersynchronous firing of neurons in the brain causes a seizure, which is a paroxysmal change of neurologic function [ 1 ]. The term "epileptic seizure" is used to differentiate a seizure produced by abnormal neuronal firing from a psychogenic seizure [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-high mobility group box protein 1 monoclonal antibody downregulating P-glycoprotein as novel epilepsy therapeutics

Liyis

Tandy

Endira

et al. 2022

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Epilepsy, a neurological illness, is characterized by recurrent uncontrolled seizures. There are many treatments of options that can be used as the therapy of epilepsy. However, anti-seizure medications as the primary treatment choice for epilepsy show many possible adverse effects and even pharmacoresistance to the therapy. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) as an initiator and amplifier of the neuroinflammation is responsible for the onset and progression of epilepsy by overexpressing P-glycoprotein on the blood brain barrier. HMGB1 proteins then activate TLR4 in neurons and astrocytes, in which proinflammatory cytokines are produced. Anti-HMGB1 mAb works by blocking the HMGB1, reducing inflammatory activity in the brain that may affect epileptogenesis. Through the process, anti-HMGB1 mAb reduces the TLR4 activity and other receptors that may involve in promote signal of epilepsy such as RAGE. Several studies have shown that anti-HMGB1 has the potential to inhibit the increase in serum HMGB1 in plasma and brain tissue. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism of the inhibiting of overexpression of P-glycoprotein through anti-HMGB1 mAb.

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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy – Pathophysiology and Mechanisms

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Exploring the Semantic Structure of WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates using the Hub-and-Spoke Model

Exploring the Semantic Structure of WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates using the Hub-and-Spoke Model

The genetic link between systemic autoimmune disorders and temporal lobe epilepsy: A bioinformatics study

Anti-high mobility group box protein 1 monoclonal antibody downregulating P-glycoprotein as novel epilepsy therapeutics

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