Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Children

Nickels, Katherine C.; Wong‐Kisiel, Lily C.; Moseley, Brian D.; Wirrell, Elaine

doi:10.1155/2012/849540

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…This, however, does not argue against the possibility that they represent electrographic seizures. Monomorphic focal EEG seizures are not uncommon in patients with different types of epilepsy30, 31, 32 and have also been described in other animal models of acquired epilepsy, such as the perinatal hypoxia model of epilepsy 33, 34. Furthermore, the fact that HVSWs can be suppressed by rapidly acting ASDs such as DZP as shown by Klein et al10 in FVB/N mice and here for NMRI mice would be consistent with a nonconvulsive seizure definition as shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effects of carbamazepine in the intrahippocampal kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy depend on seizure definition and mouse strain

Twele¹,

Töllner²,

Bankstahl³

et al. 2016

Epilepsia Open

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SummaryObjectiveMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis is a predominant form of acquired epilepsy, characterized by recurrent simple and complex partial seizures that are often resistant to treatment. Mice developing spontaneous recurrent nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after intrahippocampal injection of the excitotoxic glutamate agonist kainate are thought to represent a valuable model of mesial TLE. Epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG) activity recorded in this model from the kainate focus in the ipsilateral hippocampus is resistant to antiseizure drugs such as carbamazepine (CBZ). We compared the efficacy of CBZ in this model in two different mouse strains (FVB/N and NMRI). Furthermore, we evaluated whether changes in the definition of electrographic seizures affect the antiseizure efficacy of CBZ.MethodsAs in previous studies, two types of epileptic EEG activity were defined: high‐voltage sharp waves (HVSWs) and hippocampal paroxysmal discharges (HPDs). The characteristics of these paroxysmal EEG events in epileptic mice were compared with EEG criteria for nonconvulsive seizures in patients. For HVSWs, different spike frequencies, interevent intervals, and amplitudes were used as inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition to CBZ, some experiments were performed with diazepam (DZP) and phenobarbital (PB).ResultsFemale epileptic FVB/N mice predominantly exhibited frequent HVSWs, but only infrequent HPDs or secondarily generalized convulsive seizures. Slight changes in HVSW definition determined whether they were resistant or responsive to CBZ. Male NMRI mice exhibited both HVSWs and HPDs. HVSWs were more resistant than HPDs to suppression by CBZ. Both types of epileptic EEG activity were rapidly suppressed by DZP and PB.SignificanceThe data demonstrate that focal electrographic seizures in the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model are less resistant than previously thought. Both mouse strain and the criteria chosen for definition of EEG seizures determine whether such seizures are drug‐resistant or ‐responsive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effects of carbamazepine in the intrahippocampal kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy depend on seizure definition and mouse strain

Twele¹,

Töllner²,

Bankstahl³

et al. 2016

Epilepsia Open

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“…Therefore, we focused our study on HRV-LF. The EEG of the interictal and preictal periods in TLE children is typically characterized by temporal spike or sharp-wave discharges and temporal intermittent rhythmic δ activity [24]. Consequently, the focus is on EEG δ activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronization analysis between heart rate variability and EEG activity before, during, and after epileptic seizure

Piper¹,

Schiecke

Leistritz

et al. 2014

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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An innovative concept for synchronization analysis between heart rate (HR) components and rhythms in EEG envelopes is represented; it applies time-variant analyses to heart rate variability (HRV) and EEG, and it was tested in children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). After a removal of ocular and movement-related artifacts, EEG band activity was computed by means of the frequency-selective Hilbert transform providing envelopes of frequency bands. Synchronization between HRV and EEG envelopes was quantified by Morlet wavelet coherence. A surrogate data approach was adapted to test for statistical significance of time-variant coherences. Using this processing scheme, significant coherence values between a HRV low-frequency sub-band (0.08-0.12 Hz) and the EEG δ envelope (1.5-4 Hz) occurring both in the preictal and early postictal periods of a seizure can be shown. Investigations were performed for all electrodes at 20-s intervals and for selected electrode pairs (T3÷C3, T4÷C4) in a time-variant mode. Synchronization was more pronounced in the group of right hemispheric TLE patients than in the left hemispheric group. Such a group-specific augmentation of synchronization confirms the hypothesis of a right hemispheric lateralization of sympathetic cardiac control of the low-frequency HRV components.

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“…Our previous results can be confirmed and new results have been added. The EEG of the interictal and preictal periods in TLE children is typically characterized by spikes or sharp-wave discharges and intermittent rhythmic delta-activity [56]. Our detailed IMF analysis reveals that the two IMFs, which envelopes show couplings with HRV-LF, correspond to delta-activity.…”

Section: Methodological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Time-variant coherence between heart rate variability and EEG activity in epileptic patients: an advanced coupling analysis between physiological networks

et al. 2014

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Time-variant coherence analysis between the heart rate variability (HRV) and the channel-related envelopes of adaptively selected EEG components was used as an indicator for the occurrence of (correlative) couplings between the central autonomic network (CAN) and the epileptic network before, during and after epileptic seizures. Two groups of patients were investigated, a group with left and a group with right hemispheric temporal lobe epilepsy. The individual EEG components were extracted by a signal-adaptive approach, the multivariate empirical mode decomposition, and the envelopes of each resulting intrinsic mode function (IMF) were computed by using Hilbert transform. Two IMFs, whose envelopes were strongly correlated with the HRV's low-frequency oscillation (HRV-LF; ≈0.1 Hz) before and after the seizure were identified. The frequency ranges of these IMFs correspond to the EEG delta-band. The timevariant coherence was statistically quantified and tensor decomposition of the time-frequency coherence maps was applied to explore the topography-timefrequency characteristics of the coherence analysis. Results allow the hypothesis 4 Both authors contributed equally to the publication, and are considered as first author. that couplings between the CAN, which controls the cardiovascularcardiorespiratory system, and the 'epileptic neural network' exist. Additionally, our results confirm the hypothesis of a right hemispheric lateralization of sympathetic cardiac control of the HRV-LF.Epileptic seizure activity can cause alterations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in different ways and heart rate variability (HRV) is most frequently used to investigate both longterm and short-term alterations of the ANS in response to the type of epilepsy and to the evolution of the epileptic seizure [1,2]. HRV is an indicator for neuronal influences on the cardiac pacemaker and is one of the important functions of the ANS. Therefore, seizure-related HRV reactions may provide more information on the organization of the ANS [3] and the mechanisms supporting ANS changes.The main divisions of the ANS are the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems, which typically function in opposition to each other. The coordination of 'autonomic functions and the ongoing behavioral needs of the organism through the activities of the somatomotor, endocrine and autonomic systems ' [4] can be attributed to a central autonomic network (CAN) [5], which involves several interconnected areas distributed throughout brainstem and forebrain. According to the ANS's structure some of these CAN areas regulate parasympathetic output whereas others regulate sympathetic output, e.g. in order to control visceral function and homeostasis as well as to adapt to internal or external challenges [6].From the point of view of network physiology [7], the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)related 'epileptic network' and the CAN can be considered as coupled networks. Taking this into account, couplings between EEG and HRV signals before, during and after an epilepti...

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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Children

Cited by 25 publications

References 140 publications

The effects of carbamazepine in the intrahippocampal kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy depend on seizure definition and mouse strain

The effects of carbamazepine in the intrahippocampal kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy depend on seizure definition and mouse strain

Synchronization analysis between heart rate variability and EEG activity before, during, and after epileptic seizure

Time-variant coherence between heart rate variability and EEG activity in epileptic patients: an advanced coupling analysis between physiological networks

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