Temporal kinetics of prefrontal modulation of the extrastriate cortex during visual attention

Yago, Elena; Duarte, Audrey; Wong, Ting; Barceló, Francisco; Knight, Robert T.

doi:10.3758/cabn.4.4.609

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Thus, a pulse delivered at 150 ms after the cue, immediately preceding or coinciding with the onset of the gatingrelated ERP, would be more likely to have an interfering effect than one delivered at 200 ms, when the ERP has already peaked. These results are also consistent with single-cell studies (48)(49)(50) and other ERP studies (17,18,51,52) that have demonstrated the involvement of PFC in selecting behaviorally relevant information within the time frame of ∼150-200 ms after stimulus onset. predicted by models of a gating mechanism (21-23).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Role of prefrontal cortex and the midbrain dopamine system in working memory updating

D’Ardenne

Eshel

Luka

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

238

154

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Humans are adept at switching between goal-directed behaviors quickly and effectively. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to play a critical role by encoding, updating, and maintaining internal representations of task context in working memory. It has also been hypothesized that the encoding of context representations in PFC is regulated by phasic dopamine gating signals. Here we use multimodal methods to test these hypotheses. First we used functional MRI (fMRI) to identify regions of PFC associated with the representation of context in a working memory task. Next we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), guided spatially by our fMRI findings and temporally by previous eventrelated EEG recordings, to disrupt context encoding while participants performed the same working memory task. We found that TMS pulses to the right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) immediately after context presentation, and well in advance of the response, adversely impacted context-dependent relative to context-independent responses. This finding causally implicates right DLPFC function in context encoding. Finally, using the same paradigm, we conducted high-resolution fMRI measurements in brainstem dopaminergic nuclei (ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra) and found phasic responses after presentation of context stimuli relative to other stimuli, consistent with the timing of a gating signal that regulates the encoding of representations in PFC. Furthermore, these responses were positively correlated with behavior, as well as with responses in the same region of right DLPFC targeted in the TMS experiment, lending support to the hypothesis that dopamine phasic signals regulate encoding, and thereby the updating, of context representations in PFC.cognitive control | context updating | task switching | cognitive neuroscience

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Role of prefrontal cortex and the midbrain dopamine system in working memory updating

D’Ardenne

Eshel

Luka

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

238

154

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“…For example, early, extrastriate attention-sensitive components (P1 and N1) and novelty ERP responses are reduced in patients with lateral PFC lesions (Yago et al, 2004;Barcelo et al, 2000;Knight, 1997). Such a pattern was predicted and observed in the current study in LSES children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The novelty N2 component reflects the automatic response to novelty (Knight, 1984;Courchesne et al, 1975), and it is dependent on a distributed novelty processing network with the PFC serving as a critical component of this system (Knight & Scabini, 1998;Knight, 1997). The early extrastriate P1 and N1 components and the novelty N2 have been shown to be reduced in patients with PFC lesions (Yago et al, 2004;Barcelo et al, 2000;Knight, 1984Knight, , 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The P1 and N1 components are prefrontaldependent, early latency brain potentials generated in ventral and dorsal extrastriate pathways (Clark, Fan, & Hillyard, 1995;Heinze et al, 1994). These components are modulated by the degree of voluntary attention and are under top-down control by the lateral PFC (Yago, Duarte, Wong, Barcelo, & Knight, 2004;Barcelo, Suwazono, & Knight, 2000). The novelty N2 component reflects the automatic response to novelty (Knight, 1984;Courchesne et al, 1975), and it is dependent on a distributed novelty processing network with the PFC serving as a critical component of this system (Knight & Scabini, 1998;Knight, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic Disparities Affect Prefrontal Function in Children

Kishiyama

Boyce

Jimenez

et al. 2009

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

366

187

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Abstract& Social inequalities have profound effects on the physical and mental health of children. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds perform below children from higher SES backgrounds on tests of intelligence and academic achievement, and recent findings indicate that low SES (LSES) children are impaired on behavioral measures of prefrontal function. However, the influence of socioeconomic disparity on direct measures of neural activity is unknown. Here, we provide electrophysiological evidence indicating that prefrontal function is altered in LSES children. We found that prefrontal-dependent electrophysiological measures of attention were reduced in LSES compared to high SES (HSES) children in a pattern similar to that observed in patients with lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage. These findings provide neurophysiological evidence that social inequalities are associated with alterations in PFC function in LSES children. There are a number of factors associated with LSES rearing conditions that may have contributed to these results such as greater levels of stress and lack of access to cognitively stimulating materials and experiences. Targeting specific prefrontal processes affected by socioeconomic disparity could be helpful in developing intervention programs for LSES children. &

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“…Indeed, event-related potentials studies (56,57) have repeatedly shown that humans can distinguish between the category of objects in scenes extremely rapidly, which we argue can be mediated by coarse LSF representations, and that this distinction is first apparent in prefrontal cortex time courses Ϸ150 ms from stimulus onset. That such prefrontal representations subsequently guide the activation of IT representations is supported by fMRI studies in human patients (9,58) and electrophysiology recordings in monkeys (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Top-down facilitation of visual recognition

Bär

Kassam

Ghuman

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,371

183

1,242

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10.1073͞pnas.0504604102), the authors note that Eq. 1 was incorrectly given as P ϭ f ssͩ ͩ1 ϩ m ͪ ϩ Dͩ 2 ϩ m ͪͪ both in the text and in Fig. 2. The correct equation is as follows:The corrected figure and its legend appear below. The error does not affect the conclusions of the article. Fig. 2.Comprehensive characterization of the promoter library. Several orthogonal metrics were used to characterize the promoter library and ensure the consistent behavior of all its members for various genes and culturing conditions. We show here three metrics that were chosen for quantifying transcriptional of the promoters: (i) the dynamics of GFP production based on fluorescence, (ii) measurement of the relative mRNA transcript levels in the cultures, and (iii) testing of the MIC for chloramphenicol in an additional library of constructs where the promoter drove the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The overall strong correlation between the various metrics suggests a broad-range utility of the promoter library for a variety of genes and conditions. (A) Mouse C127 cells were transduced with retrovirus expressing BPV-1 E7 with a FLAG͞HA epitope tag at either the C terminus (E7-C) or N terminus (E7-N), or with no tag (E7). Cells were lysed, and proteins were immunoprecipitated by using either an anti-FLAG antibody (Left) or an anti-BPV-1 E7 antibody (Right). Proteins were resolved by SDS͞PAGE on a 15% polyacrylamide gel and probed by immunoblotting using the anti-E7 antibody. (B) Cells were assayed for anchorage-independent growth with transduced BPV-1 oncogenes: C127 control cells, cells expressing BPV-1 E7 alone, BPV-1 E6 alone, E6 and E7, E6 and C-terminal FLAG͞HA-tagged E7 (E7-C), and E6 and N-terminal FLAG͞HA-tagged E7 (E7-N). Cells were suspended in 0.3% Noble agar, DMEM, and 10% FBS and grown for 14 days. Representative fields are shown at ϫ10 magnification. For further details, see Cortical analysis related to visual object recognition is traditionally thought to propagate serially along a bottom-up hierarchy of ventral areas. Recent proposals gradually promote the role of top-down processing in recognition, but how such facilitation is triggered remains a puzzle. We tested a specific model, proposing that low spatial frequencies facilitate visual object recognition by initiating top-down processes projected from orbitofrontal to visual cortex. The present study combined magnetoencephalography, which has superior temporal resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and a behavioral task that yields successful recognition with stimulus repetitions. Object recognition elicited differential activity that developed in the left orbitofrontal cortex 50 ms earlier than it did in recognition-related areas in the temporal cortex. This early orbitofrontal activity was directly modulated by the presence of low spatial frequencies in the image. Taken together, the dynamics we revealed provide strong support for the proposal of how top-down facilitation of object recognition is initiated, and our observations a...

show abstract

Temporal kinetics of prefrontal modulation of the extrastriate cortex during visual attention

Cited by 43 publications

References 50 publications

Role of prefrontal cortex and the midbrain dopamine system in working memory updating

Role of prefrontal cortex and the midbrain dopamine system in working memory updating

Socioeconomic Disparities Affect Prefrontal Function in Children

Top-down facilitation of visual recognition

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