Temporal kinematic and kinetics differences throughout different landing ways following volleyball spike shots

Abstract

Volleyball players often land on a single leg following a spike shot because of a shift in the center of gravity. This landing is one of the high-risk actions for non-contact ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the discrete and temporal kinematics and kinetics associated with functional valgus collapse during volleyball in player landing phases during a single-leg landing and double-leg landing following a spike shot. Kinematics and kinetics data were collected (captured by a Vicon motion system and AMTI force plate, processed by Visual-3D software) during the single-leg and double-leg landing phases in 13 semi-professional male volleyball players. The landing phase was defined as initial ground contact (0% landing phase) to maximum knee flexion (100% landing phase). Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis revealed that single-leg landing depicted a significantly greater knee abduction angle and hip adduction moment than double-leg landing during the 0%–68% landing phase (single-leg: 7°–16°, double-leg: 0°–9°, p < 0.001) and 18%–22% (single-leg: 0.62–0.91 Nm/kg, double-leg: 0.08–0.19 Nm/kg, p = 0.0063) landing phase, respectively. The traditional discrete analysis revealed that single-leg landing depicted a significantly greater peak knee internal rotation moment (single-leg: 1.46 ± 0.38 Nm/kg, double-leg: 0.79 ± 0.19 Nm/kg, p = 0.006) and peak hip internal rotation moment (single-leg: −2.20 ± 0.54 Nm/kg, double-leg: −0.88 ± 0.30 Nm/kg, p = 0.011) than double-leg landing. Most differences were within a time frame during the landing phase of 30–50 ms in which non-contact ACL injuries are considered to happen. These recorded time frames are consistent with biomechanical measures that are deemed dangerous. To reduce lower limb injury, a volleyball player should consciously swing the arms to influence the body to maintain a better-balanced state. Adjusting the landing mode of the lower limbs can achieve a good cushioning effect during landing following a spike shot.

An Investigation of Differences in Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landing From Height Using Bionic Shoes and Normal Shoes

“…Therefore, onedimensional statistical parameter mapping (SPM) analysis is used to achieve the purpose of time series analysis of continuous data over a landing phase (Pataky et al, 2013). Previous studies have shown that ACL injury happens 30-50 milliseconds (about 15-25% landing phase) after initial ground contact (Krosshaug et al, 2007;Hogg et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2021b). The anterior tibia shear force acting on the proximal tibia is considered to be the primary source of ACL load, which is also the main shear force that causes ACL injury (Shelburne et al, 2004).…”

“…The negative value was defined as knee and hip adduction and ankle inversion. The integral of joint power over time and joint work was calculated, and negative (eccentric) work reflected the joint muscles' energy dissipation (Xu et al, 2021b). The individual joint work contribution to the total energy dissipation was calculated as the percentage of the joint energy dissipation in the total energy dissipation of the ankle, knee, and hip joints.…”

“…When landing on a single-leg, this is accompanied by a higher load because the limb can only absorb the impact on the side being used. At the same time, landing with a single-leg will often cause the lower limb joints to be unstable and bear greater impact loads, thereby increasing the risk of lower limb injury (Yeow et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2021b).…”

Effects of Video Task With a High-Level Exercise Illustration on Knee Movements in Male Volleyball Spike Jump

“…The infrared high-speed system with eight cameras (Vicon, Oxford Metric Ltd., Oxford, UK, 200 Hz) was set around the court for kinematics collection; force platform (AMTI, Watertown, MA, United States, 1,000 Hz) was set in the center of the court was used for kinetics data collection; they were synchronized in the movement test (Figure 1). A referred marker set with 20 reflex markers (diameter, 12.5 mm) (Xu et al, 2021b) was adopted in the current study. A standing trial was collected for the moralized calculation at the beginning of the test.…”

“…Discrete value analysis was widely used in studies whereas the single value analysis as neglects the time characteristics through the landing or take-off phase cannot represent the curve (Krosshaug et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2021b). At present, the research on the time-space variability of biomechanics has made great achievements, and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) has been proposed (Pataky, 2010;Pataky et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2020).…”