Temporal gravity and height changes of the Yellowstone Caldera, 1977–1994

Arnet, Felix; Kahle, H.‐G.; Klingelé, E.; Smith, Robert B.; Meertens, C. M.; Dzurisin, Dan

doi:10.1029/97gl02801

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…As rhyolite in the magma chamber crystallizes, brines are released but trapped below the brittle‐ductile transition, leading to increased pressure and inflation. This mechanism has no net change in mass and should cause no changes in the gravity field during caldera uplift [ Arnet et al , 1997]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcano‐tectonic system: Campaign and continuous GPS observations, 1987–2004

Puskas¹,

Smith²,

Meertens³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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The Yellowstone–Snake River Plain tectonomagmatic province resulted from Late Tertiary volcanism in western North America, producing three large, caldera‐forming eruptions at the Yellowstone Plateau in the last 2 Myr. To understand the kinematics and geodynamics of this volcanic system, the University of Utah conducted seven GPS campaigns at 140 sites between 1987 and 2003 and installed a network of 15 permanent stations. GPS deployments focused on the Yellowstone caldera, the Hebgen Lake and Teton faults, and the eastern Snake River Plain. The GPS data revealed periods of uplift and subsidence of the Yellowstone caldera at rates up to 15 mm/yr. From 1987 to 1995, the caldera subsided and contracted, implying volume loss. From 1995 to 2000, deformation shifted to inflation and extension northwest of the caldera. From 2000 to 2003, uplift continued to the northwest while caldera subsidence was renewed. The GPS observations also revealed extension across the Hebgen Lake fault and fault‐normal contraction across the Teton fault. Deformation rates of the Yellowstone caldera and Hebgen Lake fault were converted to equivalent total moment rates, which exceeded historic seismic moment release and late Quaternary fault slip‐derived moment release by an order of magnitude. The Yellowstone caldera deformation trends were superimposed on regional southwest extension of the Yellowstone Plateau at up to 4.3 ± 0.2 mm/yr, while the eastern Snake River Plain moved southwest as a slower rate at 2.1 ± 0.2 mm/yr. This southwest extension of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain system merged into east‐west extension of the Basin‐Range province.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcano‐tectonic system: Campaign and continuous GPS observations, 1987–2004

Puskas¹,

Smith²,

Meertens³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Oscillation of ground level between uplift and subsidence episodes, common to other similar calderas like Yellowstone (Arnet et al 1997) is difficult to interpret in the light of classical models of inflation and deflation of magma chambers, when no eruption (with consequent deflation) occurs at the end of uplift episodes. In addition, the fast subsidence phase following the 1984 uplift has been punctuated by some small uplifts, of maximum amounts between 1.5 and 11 cm, with an almost constant period of five years (Gaeta et al 2003).…”

Section: Ground Movements and Recent Episodes Of Unrestmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Campi Flegrei caldera: unrest mechanisms and hazards

Natale

Troise

Pingue

et al. 2006

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In the last four decades, Campi Flegrei caldera has been the world's most active caldera characterized by intense unrest episodes involving huge ground deformation and seismicity, but, at the time of writing, has not culminated in an eruption. We present a careful review, with new analyses and interpretation, of all the data and recent research results. We deal with three main problems: the tentative reconstruction of the substructure; the modelling of unrest episodes to shed light on possible pre-eruptive scenarios; and the probabilistic estimation of the hazards from explosive pyroclastic products. The results show, for the first time at a volcano, that a very peculiar mechanism is generating episodes of unrest, involving mainly activation of the geothermal system from deeper magma reservoirs. The character and evolution of unrest episodes is strongly controlled by structural features, like the ring-fault system at the borders of the caldera collapse. The use of detailed volcanological, mathematical and statistical procedures also make it possible to obtain a detailed picture of eruptive hazards in the whole Neapolitan area. The complex behaviour of this caldera, involving interaction between magmatic and geothermal phenomena, sheds light on the dynamics of the most dangerous types of volcanoes in the world. et al. 2001), while the subsequent largest event, which generated the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff

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“…First, the ∆g/∆h values for periods of uplift and subsidence are essentially the same within two standard deviations. Second, the ∆g/∆h value for a single station north of Fishing Bridge, where the gravity and height changes were greatest, was −3.3±0.7 μGal/cm for the entire period from 1977 to 1993, which included roughly equal amounts of uplift and subsidence (Arnet andothers, 1997, p. 2743). Within uncertainty, this value is the same as the average free-air gradient (−3.086 μGal/cm).…”

Section: Evidence From Repeated Microgravity Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For stations along the level line between Lake Butte and Mount Washburn, Arnet and others (1997) found the weighted mean value of ∆g/∆h=−1.7±0.7 μGal/cm for the 1977-83 period of uplift and ∆g/∆h=−3.3±1.0 μGal/cm for the 1986-93 period of subsidence. Arnet andothers (1997, p. 2743) wrote:…”

Section: Evidence From Repeated Microgravity Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%