Temporal expression of L-Maf and RaxL in developing chicken retina are arranged into mosaic pattern

Ochi, Hiroki; Sakagami, Kiyo; Ishii, Akiko; Morita, Natuko; Nishiuchi, Masato; Ogino, Hitoshi; Yasuda, Kazuaki

doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2004.03.005

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2C). Previous studies have shown that chicken and quail homologues of MafA are phosphorylated by Erk at Ser14, Thr57, and Ser65 in vitro and in vivo (in primary lens, primary neural retina, and HeLa cells) (3,32,33). It was also shown previously that Thr57, as well as Thr113 and Ser272 (equivalent to Thr131 and Ser342 of m-MafA, respectively), is phosphorylated by p38 MAP kinase in vitro and in 293T cells (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

MafA Stability in Pancreatic β Cells Is Regulated by Glucose and Is Dependent on Its Constitutive Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Han

Aramata

Yasuda

et al. 2007

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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109

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Regulation of insulin gene expression by glucose in pancreatic ␤ cells is largely dependent on a cis-regulatory element, termed RIPE3b/C1, in the insulin gene promoter. MafA, a member of the Maf family of basic leucine zipper (bZip) proteins, is a ␤-cell-specific transcriptional activator that binds to the C1 element. Based on increased C1-binding activity, MafA protein levels appear to be up-regulated in response to glucose, but the underlying molecular mechanism for this is not well understood. In this study, we show evidence supporting that the amino-terminal region of MafA is phosphorylated at multiple sites by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in ␤ cells. Mutational analysis of MafA and pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 in MIN6 ␤ cells strongly suggest that the rate of MafA protein degradation is regulated by glucose, that MafA is constitutively phosphorylated by GSK3, and that phosphorylation is a prerequisite for rapid degradation of MafA under low-glucose conditions. Our data suggest a new glucose-sensing signaling pathway in islet ␤ cells that regulates insulin gene expression through the regulation of MafA protein stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

MafA Stability in Pancreatic β Cells Is Regulated by Glucose and Is Dependent on Its Constitutive Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Han

Aramata

Yasuda

et al. 2007

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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109

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“…Even though we cannot conclude whether expression takes place selectively in one type of photoreceptor, this result is consistent with a conserved role of the Nrl class in the differentiation of photoreceptors. A MafA expression in photoreceptors and also other cell types of the differentiating retina has recently been reported in the chick (Ochi et al 2004). It will be important to perform extensive comparative analyses of all paralogues in the differentiating retina of model organisms to better understand the functional evolution of large Maf genes in this tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phylogenomic analysis and expression patterns of large Maf genes in Xenopus tropicalis provide new insights into the functional evolution of the gene family in osteichthyans

et al. 2005

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We have performed an exhaustive characterization of the large Maf family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors in vertebrates using the genome data available, and studied the embryonic expression patterns of the four paralogous genes thus identified in Xenopus tropicalis. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that, in osteichthyans, the large Maf family contains four orthology classes, MafA, MafB, c-Maf and Nrl, which have emerged in vertebrates prior to the split between actinopterygians and sarcopterygians. It leads to the unambiguous assignment of the Xenopus laevis XLmaf gene, previously considered a MafA orthologue, to the Nrl class, the identification of the amphibian MafA and c-Maf orthologues and the identification of the zebrafish Nrl gene. The four X. tropicalis paralogues display partially redundant but nevertheless distinct expression patterns in the somites, developing hindbrain, pronephros, ventral blood island and lens. Comparisons with the data available in the mouse, chick and zebrafish show that these large Maf expression territories are highly conserved among osteichthyans but also highlight a number of differences in the timing of large Maf gene expression, the precise extent of some labelled territories and the combinations of paralogues transcribed in some organs. In particular, the availability of robust phylogenies leads to a reinterpretation of previous expression pattern comparisons, suggesting an important part for function shuffling within the gene family in the developing lens. These data highlight the importance of exhaustive characterizations of gene families for comparative analyses of the genetic mechanisms, which control developmental processes in vertebrates.

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“…Protein sequence comparison revealed a high degree of conservation between all chicken long MAFs and vertebrate NRLs in both transactivation and DNA binding domains (Figure S7). To test for functional conservation, we introduced the chicken MAFA gene, which is expressed in avian rods and a few other retinal neuronal types but not in cones (Ochi et al, 2004), in cone-only Nrl −/− mouse retina (Mears et al, 2001) (Figure 8). Chicken MAFA , but not GFP empty vector, induced the expression of rhodopsin (Figure 8B) and characteristic single synaptic ribbon observed in rods (Carter-Dawson and LaVail, 1979), as opposed to cone opsin expression and multiple ribbons present in cones (Figure 8C and Figure 8D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of Rod Photoreceptors from Short-Wavelength-Sensitive Cones during the Evolution of Nocturnal Vision in Mammals

et al. 2016

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Summary Vertebrate ancestors had only cone-like photoreceptors. The duplex retina evolved in jawless vertebrates with the advent of highly photosensitive rod-like photoreceptors. Despite cones being the arbiters of high-resolution color vision, rods emerged as the dominant photoreceptor in mammals during a nocturnal phase early in their evolution. We investigated the evolutionary and developmental origins of rods in two divergent vertebrate retinae. In mice, we discovered genetic and epigenetic vestiges of short wavelength cones in developing rods and cell lineage tracing validated the genesis of rods from S-cones. Curiously, rods did not derive from S-cones in zebrafish. Our study illuminates several questions regarding the evolution of duplex retina and supports the hypothesis that, in mammals, the S-cone lineage was recruited via the Maf-family transcription factor NRL to augment rod photoreceptors. We propose that this developmental mechanism allowed the adaptive exploitation of scotopic niches during the nocturnal bottleneck early in mammalian evolution.

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Temporal expression of L-Maf and RaxL in developing chicken retina are arranged into mosaic pattern

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

MafA Stability in Pancreatic β Cells Is Regulated by Glucose and Is Dependent on Its Constitutive Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

MafA Stability in Pancreatic β Cells Is Regulated by Glucose and Is Dependent on Its Constitutive Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Phylogenomic analysis and expression patterns of large Maf genes in Xenopus tropicalis provide new insights into the functional evolution of the gene family in osteichthyans

Recruitment of Rod Photoreceptors from Short-Wavelength-Sensitive Cones during the Evolution of Nocturnal Vision in Mammals

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