Temporal endurance of exercise-induced benefits on hippocampus-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity in female mice

Walking, Running, Swimming: An Analysis of the Effects of Land and Water Aerobic Exercises on Cognitive Functions and Neural Substrates

“…On the whole, human and animal studies indicated that all these kinds of activities exert a beneficial action on cognitive/behavioral functions and on underlying neurobiological processes. In particular, the main effects observed in humans and animals involved the cognitive domain encompassing memory and executive functions, in line with previous evidence [ 28 , 35 , 36 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 100 ]. Moreover, these effects appeared to be related to structural and functional changes in several brain areas, and mainly in the fronto-hippocampal axis [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

“…According to our literature analysis, positive effects were attested for both land and water activities, in human and animal models. These findings are inserted in a more general framework attesting the beneficial effects of aerobic activity on cognition [ 10 , 28 , 35 , 36 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Studies carried out on community dwelling showed a reduced risk of developing dementia in individuals practicing aerobic exercise at various levels of intensity [ 40 ].…”

“…The beneficial effects of aerobic exercise have been demonstrated in animal models with reference to several cognitive functions. To give some examples, 14 days of voluntary aerobic exercise exerted a long-lasting improvement on hippocampus-dependent memory tasks, in both female and male adult mice [ 54 , 55 ]. The beneficial effects of aerobic exercise beneficial effects have been shown both on short- and long-term memory performance.…”

Neurotrophins and Other Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Importantly, the activation of neurogenesis upon being administered antidepressants or performing a wheel-running exercise did not occur when TrkB was knocked down [ 42 ], indicating the critical role of the BDNF/TrkB system in exercise-stimulated neurogenesis. Dong et al (2022) showed the benefits of exercise in hippocampal synaptic plasticity [ 43 ]. Using female C57BL/6J mice, they found diminished performance in an object-location memory task after 7 days of sedentary delay following an initial 14 days of voluntary exercise (wheel running), which was restored by 2 days of reactivating the exercise after the sedentary delay.…”

“…Using female C57BL/6J mice, they found diminished performance in an object-location memory task after 7 days of sedentary delay following an initial 14 days of voluntary exercise (wheel running), which was restored by 2 days of reactivating the exercise after the sedentary delay. Enhanced hippocampal LTP in the CA1 region was also observed, which persisted throughout the sedentary delay and following the reactivation of exercise, although no difference was displayed in the mRNA expression of hippocampal BDNF between the exercise and control conditions [ 43 ]. It has been demonstrated that multifactor combinations, including physical exercise and visual and auditory stimulation, play a positive role in the treatment of AD [ 44 ].…”