Temporal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and xylem growth in<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>exposed to drought

OberhuberWalter,; SwidrakIrene,; PirkebnerDaniela,; GruberAndreas,

doi:10.1139/x11-084

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thus, although with different effects on their hydraulic system, our observations suggest that both species followed carbon-saving strategies in xylem formation under drought. This is consistent with studies that indicate that trees adjust to drought by first limiting secondary growth rather than carbon assimilation (Waring, 1987; McDowell et al, 2008; Oberhuber et al, 2011; Fatichi et al, 2014; Adams et al, 2015). This limitation was more evident in the old P. sylvestris tree that died during the experiment, which barely had any cambial activity prior to its death while the crown was still functional.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary

Fernández‐de‐Uña¹,

Rossi

Aranda³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Climatic scenarios for the Mediterranean region forecast increasing frequency and intensity of drought events. Consequently, a reduction in Pinus sylvestris L. distribution range is projected within the region, with this species being outcompeted at lower elevations by more drought-tolerant taxa such as Quercus pyrenaica Willd. The functional response of these species to the projected shifts in water availability will partially determine their performance and, thus, their competitive success under these changing climatic conditions. We studied how the cambial and leaf phenology and xylem anatomy of these two species responded to a 3-year rainfall exclusion experiment set at their elevational boundary in Central Spain. Additionally, P. sylvestris leaf gas exchange, water potential and carbon isotope content response to the treatment were measured. Likewise, we assessed inter-annual variability in the studied functional traits under control and rainfall exclusion conditions. Prolonged exposure to drier conditions did not affect the onset of xylogenesis in either of the studied species, whereas xylem formation ceased 1–3 weeks earlier in P. sylvestris. The rainfall exclusion had, however, no effect on leaf phenology on either species, which suggests that cambial phenology is more sensitive to drought than leaf phenology. P. sylvestris formed fewer, but larger tracheids under dry conditions and reduced the proportion of latewood in the tree ring. On the other hand, Q. pyrenaica did not suffer earlywood hydraulic diameter changes under rainfall exclusion, but experienced a cumulative reduction in latewood width, which could ultimately challenge its hydraulic performance. The phenological and anatomical response of the studied species to drought is consistent with a shift in resource allocation under drought stress from xylem to other sinks. Additionally, the tighter stomatal control and higher intrinsic water use efficiency observed in drought-stressed P. sylvestris may eventually limit carbon uptake in this species. Our results suggest that both species are potentially vulnerable to the forecasted increase in drought stress, although P. sylvestris might experience a higher risk of drought-induced decline at its low elevational limit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This implies that fewer resources can be allocated to xylem formation (Oberhuber et al, 2011). Likewise, the defensive capacity against other sources of stress can be weakened, predisposing trees to further drought stress, infections or frost damage (Bréda et al, 2006; Breshears et al, 2008; Galiano et al, 2011; McDowell et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary

Fernández‐de‐Uña¹,

Rossi

Aranda³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Possible reasons for the delayed response of NEP and forest growth to weather of the previous year are manifold and potentially superimposed. It is generally accepted that nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) stored in the previous year are used to fuel C consuming processes early in the current year, such as for bud break/leaf flush (e.g., Epron et al, 2012) and early wood formation (e.g., Oberhuber et al, 2011), in both deciduous and coniferous trees (Hoch et al, 2003;Schädel et al, 2009). Unfavorable weather during the previous year might lead to a reduction in C allocation to young and readily available NSC, which is primarily used for growth , and thus, might affect NEP.…”

Section: Environmental Controls Of Annual Net Ecosystem Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

NEP of a Swiss subalpine forest is significantly driven not only by current but also by previous year's weather

Zielis¹,

Etzold

Zweifel

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Understanding the response of forest net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to environmental drivers under climate change is highly relevant for predictions of annual forest carbon (C) flux budgets. Modeling annual forest NEP with soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer models (SVATs), however, remains challenging due to unknown delayed responses to weather of the previous year. In this study, we addressed the influence of previous year's weather on the interannual variability of NEP for a subalpine spruce forest in Switzerland. Analysis of long-term (1997-2011) eddy covariance measurements showed that the Norway spruce forest Davos Seehornwald was a consistent sink for atmospheric CO 2 , sequestering 210 ± 88 g C m −2 yr −1 on average. Previous year's weather strongly affected interannual variability of NEP, increasing the explained variance in linear models to 53 % compared to 20 % without accounting for previous year's weather. Thus, our results highlight the need to consider previous year's weather in modeling annual C budgets of forests. Furthermore, soil temperature in the current year's spring played a major role controlling annual NEP, mainly by influencing gross primary productivity early in the year, with spring NEP accounting for 56 % of annual NEP. Consequently, we expect an increase in net CO 2 uptake with future climate warming, as long as no other resources become limiting.

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“…Wodzicki (1971) described the complexity of the xylem differentiation process of Scots pine in Poland. In Austria, Scots pine trees growing on xeric and dry-mesic sites were examined (Gruber et al 2010;Oberhuber et al 2011;Swidrak et al 2011Swidrak et al , 2014, in Finland (Schmitt et al 2004;Seo et al 2011;Jyske et al 2014), in Siberia (Antonova and Stasova 1993;Antonova et al 1995), in France (Rathgeber et al 2011;Cuny et al 2012Cuny et al , 2014 and in Spain . Rossi et al (2013) and Cuny et al (2015), included Scots pine, among several conifers, in a compilation of data on cambium phenology and wood-formation dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Stem girdling ceased the cambial activity, below the girdled area, immediately after the removal of the bark strip.• Pinus sylvestris survived for up to two years after stem girdling.• The girdled trees formed phloem cells above the girdled area but failed to form latewood cells in the next growing season. AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a resilient, wide spread species. This paper reports on the xylem and phloem cell formation process, before and after, the species was put under artificial stress by stem girdling. Microcore method was applied to a healthy control group and a standing group of girdled trees within an 80-year-old pine forest for two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The stem girdling was applied in the middle of the first growing season (July 2013). Cambial activity timings (onset and cessation of cell division), cell formation intensity, cell differentiation, and the dynamics of the annual radial increment in the stem were analyzed. Cambial activity was inhibited and eventually ceased below the stem girdling immediately after the removal of the strip. Therefore, no latewood tracheids were formed. However, above the stem girdling and in the control trees, cell formation and tissue differentiation continued until the end of the growing season, with the girdled trees moving at a less intensive pace but for a longer period of time. During the following growing season (2014), the cambial zone was reactivated only above the stem girdling, not below, and eventually the girdled trees died. In 2014, the onset of the cambial activity was delayed and the division rate of the cells was slower in the girdled trees. Furthermore, the girdled trees formed less phloem cells than the control trees.

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Temporal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and xylem growth inPinus sylvestrisexposed to drought

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary

Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary

NEP of a Swiss subalpine forest is significantly driven not only by current but also by previous year's weather

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

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