Temporal dynamics of instream wood in headwater streams draining mixed Carpathian forests

Galia, Tomáš; Šilhán, Karel; Ruíz-Villanueva, Virginia; Tichavský, Radek; Stoffel, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.041

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…), which is supplemented by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). As observed in neighbouring Carpathian mountains, such forest composition indicates potential residence time of LW in headwater streams up to 60 years for beech pieces and up to 100-150 years for spruce logs [10].…”

Section: Central European Perennial Streamsupporting

confidence: 59%

Large wood recruitment and mobility in steep mountain streams of contrast European landscapes

2018

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We present a comparative study of large wood (LW) mobility in two steep channels (0.06<S<0.20) of contrast European landscapes during major hydro-geomorphic events of similar magnitude. We investigated a headwater perennial stream draining Central European medium-high mountain relief (the Klepáčský, Hrubý Jeseník Mts, Czech Republic; A≤2.5 km2) and an ephemeral Mediterranean steep stream (the Sfakiano Gorge, Crete, Greece; A≤52 km2). Both studied hydro-geomorphic events were partially accompanied by debris-flood or debris-flow character of sediment transport including significant content of LW. The minimal estimations of transported LW volume were 71.3 m3 along 1.7 km long reach in the Klepáčský and 49.4 m3 along 4 km long reach in the Sfakiano Gorge. Despite completely different characters of hydrologic regimes, riparian zones and valley confinement settings, living trees in the valley floor played crucial role in wood deposition and development of large jams in both environments. The trees living in the valley floor were the main source of LW in the studied Mediterranean channel, whereas long-term LW recruitment from very steep hillslopes or rock cliffs was quite negligible. On the other hand, previous windstorms in the Klepáčsky caused notable delivery of LW from adjacent hillslopes and LW recruitment by bank erosion occurred only at spatially-limited semi-confined parts of the valley.

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Section: Central European Perennial Streamsupporting

confidence: 59%

Large wood recruitment and mobility in steep mountain streams of contrast European landscapes

2018

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“…Andersen et al () suggest low decay rates of wood in semiarid conditions, especially in rarely inundated locations, which may balance low biomass production with limited recruitment of LW in these channels. Additionally, slower decay rates have been frequently reported for coniferous LW than for deciduous trees under the same site conditions and wood position (Galia et al, ; Hyatt & Naiman, ; Ruiz‐Villanueva et al, ). However, our previous research in the Sfakiano Gorge documented relatively fast decay of coniferous wood, despite the presence of a dry climate, owing to the intensive activity of wood‐destroying insects (Galia, Škarpich, et al, ), which likely explains the presence of ~30% of coniferous LW pieces in the most decayed class, suggesting fast decomposition of coniferous LW in the studied reaches (Figure c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The in situ decay of LW influences storage level of instream wood in the channel, especially in narrow streams with limited downstream transport of LW. Slower decay of coniferous trees was reported in temperate and boreal regions when compared to broadleaf trees (Galia et al, 2017;Hyatt & Naiman, 2001;Kahl et al, 2017), which positively contributes to the high LW abundance observed in streams surrounded by old-growth coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (Bilby & Ward, 1991;Fox & Bolton, 2007). On the other hand, relatively dry environments drained by temporary rivers in southern Africa or Australia (Dunkerley, 2014;Jacobson et al, 1999) indicated lower LW volumes, likely due to less dense riparian corridors with smaller living trees despite the suggested slower decay processes of dead wood in this environment (Andersen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Low Instream Large Wood Retention and Imprints of Wood Mobility in Mountain Nonperennial Streams of a Mediterranean Semiarid Environment

Galia

Horáček

Macurová

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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The majority of research on instream large wood (LW) focuses on perennial streams in temperate zones, and much less is known about wood distribution and its driving factors in other environments, such as semiarid bioclimatic regions. In this study, we sought to predict LW retention by assessing reach‐scale variables to infer the influence of external factors on the presence of LW in 37 independent reaches of ephemeral and intermittent streams draining a mountain range in a Mediterranean semiarid environment (Lefka Ori Mountains, Crete, Greece). In addition, we focused on LW pieces that had been mobilized by fluvial transport to find links between wood mobility and the external reach‐scale characteristics of this environment. Markedly low average LW frequency (6.5 LW/100 m) and volume (9.06 m3/ha) were observed in the studied reaches in comparison with streams draining other bioclimatic regions. Only one complex general linear model was found to predict LW volume (including valley confinement and basal area of coniferous trees), and five explanatory variables (elevation as a proxy of annual precipitation, valley type, valley confinement index, basal area of coniferous trees, and basal area of all trees) were significant in separated models predicting LW volume. Only two variables (valley floor width and the basal area of broadleaf trees) were significant in separated models for prediction of LW frequency. The mobilized LW in the studied streams tends to be stored as individual, dispersed pieces rather than in jams, likely due to overall low LW abundance which effectively prevents clustering of wood.

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“…Galia et al . (2017) found a mean residence time of 10.3–21 years for Fagus sylvatica and 48.2–59.9 years for Picea abies in three headwater streams in the Outer Western Carpathians. The shorter residence times may be explained by the higher proportion of pieces in subaerial conditions (banks, floodplain), the smaller dimensions of LW pieces, the higher proportion of softwood species and the very low ratio of wood length to channel width.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large wood load and transport in a flood‐free period within an inter‐dam reach: a decade of monitoring the Dyje River, Czech Republic

Máčka

Kinc

Hlavňa

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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This study examined the large wood (LW) load and transport during the non-flood period (2009-2018) following major floods that occurred in 2002 and 2006 within the inter-dam reach of the Dyje River (Czech-Austrian border). The LW load was examined in 36 river corridor segments scattered within the reach in the 2009-2018 period. Two whole-reach surveys (2011 and 2019) on LW frequency and distribution were conducted, and the export of LW to the downstream reservoir was analysed between June 2013 and December 2018. In the period of non-flood discharges, the recruitment and depletion of LW were highly variable processes in space and time, leading to a considerable change in the total LW quantity. Whereas the total number of LW pieces decreased, the total LW volume increased because of the increasing dimensions of newly recruited pieces. The annual variability in the quantity of newly recruited pieces was better explained by the variation in the maximum annual discharges (y = 41.043ln(x) + 3.2737, R 2 = 0.5352) than by the variability in the number of days with wind gusts >17.2m/s (y = 1.5004x + 82.096, R 2 = 0.118). The land use change with the abandonment of human settlements after World War II and the progressive expansion of forest was the major historical factor driving the increased recruitment of LW to the river corridor. While the 2006 (>100-year RI) flood brought approximately 1,250 LW pieces to the reservoir, the 2013 (1.5-year RI) flood delivered 45 pieces. The long-term average monthly input of LW to the reservoir was 7.7 pieces. The exceptional low-magnitude flood of 2013, which occurred at the beginning of the monitoring period, was shown to be a threshold above which the number of LW pieces that floated to the dam significantly increased.

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Temporal dynamics of instream wood in headwater streams draining mixed Carpathian forests

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Large wood recruitment and mobility in steep mountain streams of contrast European landscapes

Large wood recruitment and mobility in steep mountain streams of contrast European landscapes

Drivers of Low Instream Large Wood Retention and Imprints of Wood Mobility in Mountain Nonperennial Streams of a Mediterranean Semiarid Environment

Large wood load and transport in a flood‐free period within an inter‐dam reach: a decade of monitoring the Dyje River, Czech Republic

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