Temporal Dynamics of Attentional Bias

Zvielli, Ariel; Bernstein, Amit; Koster, Ernst H. W.

doi:10.1177/2167702614551572

Cited by 202 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…We re-analyzed these data by means of TL-BS, a computational approach that extracts a signal-like series of bias estimations from trial-to-trial in time (Zvielli et al, 2015). Key features of subject-level dynamic process signals of AB revealed moderate to excellent reliability relative to poor reliability of the traditional aggregated mean bias scores (Rodebaugh et al, in press;Waechter & Stolz, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, future work may directly test whether emerging cognitive bias modification methods capable of targeting the real-time, individual expression of AB dynamics from moment-to-moment (Bernstein & Zvielli, 2014;Schnyer et al, 2015;Zvielli, Amir, Goldstein, & Bernstein, 2016) may be used to target attentional dysregulation and thereby improve depression treatment relapse prevention outcomes. Moreover, future efforts to target AB dynamics may also help to provide further experimental evidence of the causal or etiological role(s) of AB dynamics in depression relapse risk (Koster & Bernstein, 2015;Zvolensky, Schmidt, Bernstein, & Keough, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesize that a novel dynamic process perspective on AB may help disambiguate these extant Bias Dynamics in Remitted Depression 6 6 findings and help elucidate the nature and role(s) of AB in depression vulnerability (Zvielli et al, 2015). Historically, AB has been quantified by means of aggregated means of response time differences between trial types or conditions (i.e., incongruent -congruent trials).…”

Section: Attentional Bias Temporal Dynamics In Remitted Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, AB has been quantified by means of aggregated means of response time differences between trial types or conditions (i.e., incongruent -congruent trials). Instead, Zvielli et al (2015) proposed that AB may be better understood as a dynamic process expressed in fluctuating, phasic bursts, towards and/or away from motivationally-relevant stimuli from moment-to-moment. Accordingly, they introduced a novel computational procedure -Trial Level Bias Scores (TL-BS) -to estimate AB concurrent with its repeated, real-time expression from trial-to-trial in the Dot Probe and related cognitive-experimental task used to measure AB.…”

Section: Attentional Bias Temporal Dynamics In Remitted Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression.

Zvielli¹,

Vrijsen

Koster

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Theory implicates attentional bias (AB) or dysregulated attentional processing of emotional information in the recurrence of major depressive episodes. However, empirical study of AB among remitted depressed patients is limited in scope and has yielded mixed findings. Mixed findings may be accounted for by how the field has conceptualized and thereby studied AB. We propose that a novel temporal dynamic process perspective on AB may help disambiguate extant findings and elucidate the nature of AB in remitted depression. Thus, we reexamined Dot Probe data among remitted depressed patients (RMD; n ϭ 328) and nondepressed controls (NDC; n ϭ 82) that previously yielded null effects when AB was quantified by means of the traditional aggregated mean bias score (Vrijsen et al., 2014). We reanalyzed data using a novel computational approach that extracts a series of bias estimations from trial to trial (Zvielli, Bernstein, & Koster, 2015). Key features of these dynamic process signals revealed moderate to excellent reliability relative to the traditional aggregated mean bias scores. These features of AB dynamics-specifically temporal variability in AB including AB toward and away from emotional stimuli-were significantly elevated among RMDs relative to NDCs. Moreover, among RMDs, a greater number of past depressive episodes were associated with elevation in these features of AB dynamics. Effects were not accounted for by residual depressive symptoms or social anxiety symptoms. Findings indicate that dysregulation in attentional processing of emotional information reflected in AB dynamics may be key to depression vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attentional Bias Temporal Dynamics In Remitted Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attentional Bias Temporal Dynamics In Remitted Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression.

Zvielli¹,

Vrijsen

Koster

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Further, it must be more thoroughly investigated how to improve the reliability of dotprobe measures. For instance, use adaptive response windows that provoke higher error rates, which may be more reliable performance measures (e.g., Schmukle & Egloff, 2006), or use different response time measures with higher reliability (e.g., Zvielli, Bernstein, & Koster, 2015).…”

Section: Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative studies?

2017

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For social animals, attending to and recognizing the emotional expressions of other individuals is of crucial importance for their survival and likely has a deep evolutionary origin. Gaining insight into how emotional expressions evolved as adaptations over the course of evolution can be achieved by making direct cross-species comparisons. To that extent, experimental paradigms that are suitable for investigating emotional processing across species need to be developed and evaluated. The emotional dot-probe task, which measures attention allocation toward emotional stimuli, has this potential. The task is implicit, and subjects need minimal training to perform the task successfully. Findings in nonhuman primates, although scarce, show that they, like humans, have an attentional bias toward emotional stimuli. However, the wide literature on human studies has shown that different factors can have important moderating effects on the results. Due to the large heterogeneity of this literature, these moderating effects often remain unnoticed. We here review this literature and show that subject characteristics and differences in experimental designs affect the results of the dot-probe task. We conclude with specific recommendations regarding these issues that are particularly relevant to take into consideration when applying this paradigm to study animals.

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