Temporal dynamic drought interpretation of Sawa Lake: case study located at the Southern Iraqi region

Awadh, Salih Muhammad; Al-Sulttani, Ahmed H.; Yaseen‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, Zaher Mundher

doi:10.1007/s11069-021-05198-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Drying up of springs also has significant ecological implications. For example, Sawa Lake, a Ramsar site which is home to several globally vulnerable species (RSIS, 2015), completely dried up for the first time in summer 2022 due to massive‐scale salt production and associated dramatically increased groundwater abstraction (Awadh, Al‐Sulttani, & Yaseen, 2022). Whilst climate change is significant to future water stress in Iraq, our study also shows the crucial role of the Euphrates, which feeds the Najaf Sea and in turn supplies water to people living nearby.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling late quaternary fluvial and climatic drivers of palaeohydrological change in the Najaf Sea basin, Western Iraq

Briant,

Jotheri,

Al‐Ameri

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The water resource provided by lake basins in the western desert of Iraq is important for human occupation of areas outside the Tigris‐Euphrates floodplain, both in the past and into the future. This paper presents the first geomorphological and geochronological study of the date of formation of the Najaf Sea and the only such study of any lake basin to the west of Mesopotamia. Geomorphological shoreline features and a palaeochannel linking to the Euphrates were studied and dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating. Provenance was determined using heavy mineral analysis. Past environments in the Najaf Sea were reconstructed by molluscan analysis. The earliest OSL ages date from c. 30 000 and 22 000 years ago and seem to predate lake formation. Younger OSL ages date the highest lake level at c. 19 m asl to between 1620–1760 AD (base) to 1906–1974 AD (near surface). The radiocarbon ages are affected by a freshwater reservoir effect, but the maximum ages recorded for either of the c. 15 m and c. 17 m asl shorelines are c. 800 cal. BC. This predates the first archaeological sites in the Najaf basin and is similar to maximum ages of c. 850 and c. 1100 cal. BC from the associated palaeochannel. This timing does not seem to be linked to a humid climate event. We therefore conclude that the establishment of the Najaf Sea in the Najaf basin occurred as a result of an avulsion event within the Euphrates system that diverted flow to the basin. The trigger for this avulsion event likely related to rapid sediment accumulation and may have been either autogenic or driven by human activity. This study therefore suggests that Najaf Sea formation facilitated human expansion beyond the Tigris‐ Euphrates floodplain and occurred due to avulsion of the Euphrates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling late quaternary fluvial and climatic drivers of palaeohydrological change in the Najaf Sea basin, Western Iraq

Briant,

Jotheri,

Al‐Ameri

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then sand dunes accumulated from 1527.0291 km2 to 1648.4679 km2 throughout the ten years from 2011 to 2021 in Baiji by Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 satellites. As the highest area observed in 2021, the reason is that land degradation was significant due to global climatic changes, which is reflected in Iraq as drought and expanding of desertification (Awadh et al, 2022;Beg and Al-Sulttani, 2020;Mail et al, 2016). Iraqi Geological Journal Al-Zubaidi et al 2022, 55 (1F), 102-121…”

Section: Validation and Change Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand Dunes Spectral Index Determination Using Machine Learning Model: Case study of Baiji Sand Dunes Field Northern Iraq

Al-Zubaidi

Al-Sulttani

Rabee

2022

IGJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monitoring the propagation of dunes is essential for natural hazard management. Accurate dunes mapping is critical in this situation. Landscape elements such as vegetation, water, dunes, and built-up are commonly separated using spectral indices. The discovery of dune features using a spectral index is one of the most significant achievements in earth observation. In this research, it was suggested Drifting Sand Index (DSI) is a newly created index that can be used to extract the land of dunes. The DSI is calculated using the normalized difference between six Landsat-8 bands (B, R, G, NIR, SWIR-1, SWIR-2). The linear SVM algorithm was implemented using library (LibLINEAR) in the R software to calculate a new linear equation. Two versions of the index have been proposed, the first is the complete version (DSI-C), and the second is the reduced version (DSI-R). The suggested indices results were compared to four previously proposed spectral indices (NDSI-1, NDSI-2, CI, and NDSLI). The acquired results demonstrated that the DSI-C and DSI-R had a high ability to distinguish between sand and different land covers, such as vegetation, water bodies, and various soil types. The average overall accuracy for all levels of the DSI-R, DSI-C, NDSI-1, NDSI-2, CI, and NDSLI was 87.455%,83.4333%, 78.030%, 68.528%, 65.986%, and 56.490%, respectively. The average Kappa Coefficient for DSI-R, DSI-C NDSI-1, NDSI-2, CI, and NDSLI was 74.915%, 66.873%, 56.076%, 37.073%, 31.978%, and 13.011%, respectively.

show abstract

“…The satellite-based Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System are influential methods for mapping, monitoring, and measuring the LU/LC alteration analysis using moderate and high resolution of temporal satellite-based imageries, which is cheaper and more effective than the methods used in the traditional procedure [32][33][34][35]. Many researchers have used the LU/LC classification and geospatial indicators for delineating the LU/LC classes and social impacts [36,37]. The Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used for delineating the vegetation condition using a red and near-infrared band of satellite data [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineating the Crop-Land Dynamic due to Extreme Environment Using Landsat Datasets: A Case Study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extreme climatic conditions and natural hazard-related phenomenon have been affecting coastal regions and riverine areas. Floods, cyclones, and climate change phenomena have hammered the natural environment and increased the land dynamic, socio-economic vulnerability, and food scarcity. Saltwater intrusion has also triggered cropland vulnerability and, therefore, increased the area of inland brackish water fishery. The cropland area has decreased due to low soil fertility; around 252.06 km2 of cropland area has been lost, and 326.58 km2 of water bodies or inland fishery area has been added in just thirty years in the selected blocks of the North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India. After saltwater intrusion, soil fertility appears to have been decreased and crop production has been greatly reduced. The cropland areas were 586.52 km2 (1990), 419.92 km2 (2000), 361.67 km2 (2010) and 334.46 km2 (2020). Gradually the water body areas were increased 156.21 km2 (1990), 328.15 km2 (2000), 397.77 km2 (2010) and 482.78 km2 (2020). The vegetated land area also decreased due to it being converted into inland fishery areas, and around 79.15 km2 were degraded during the last thirty years. The super cyclone Aila, along with other super cyclones and other environmental stresses, like water-logging, soil salinity, and irrigation water scarcity were the reasons for the development of the new fishery areas in the selected blocks. There is a need for proper planning for sustainable development of this area.

show abstract

Temporal dynamic drought interpretation of Sawa Lake: case study located at the Southern Iraqi region

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Disentangling late quaternary fluvial and climatic drivers of palaeohydrological change in the Najaf Sea basin, Western Iraq

Disentangling late quaternary fluvial and climatic drivers of palaeohydrological change in the Najaf Sea basin, Western Iraq

Sand Dunes Spectral Index Determination Using Machine Learning Model: Case study of Baiji Sand Dunes Field Northern Iraq

Delineating the Crop-Land Dynamic due to Extreme Environment Using Landsat Datasets: A Case Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About