Temporal characterization of attosecond pulses emitted from solid-density plasmas

Hörlein, Rainer; Nomura, Yutaka; Tzallas, P.; Rykovanov, S. G.; Dromey, B.; Osterhoff, Jens; Major, Zsuzsanna; Karsch, Stefan; Veisz, László; Zepf, Matthew; Charalambidis, D.; Krausz, Ferenc; Tsakiris, George D.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/4/043020

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In particular, the expected conversion efficiency of a few percent in the low XUV photon energy range creates the possibility to generate mJ-level attosecond trains and isolated attosecond pulses using table-top laser system [44,45]. Temporal characterization of attosecond pulse trains generated on solid targets was recently demonstrated by implementing a second-order autocorrelation [46,47]. The generation and characterization of isolated attosecond pulses using this mechanism would represent a major breakthrough for nonlinear, keV attosecond spectroscopy [39].…”

Section: Hhg For High Xuv Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in high-order harmonic generation sources for time-resolved investigations

Reduzzi

Carpeggiani

Kühn

et al. 2015

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

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We review the main research directions ongoing in the development of highharmonic generation-based extreme ultraviolet sources for the synthesization and application of trains and isolated attosecond pulses to time-resolved spectroscopy. A few experimental and theoretical works will be discussed in connection to well-established attosecond techniques. In this context, we present the unique possibilities offered for time-resolved investigations on the attosecond timescale by the new Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source, which is currently under construction. in atoms [3], molecules [4], and condensed phase systems [5], time-resolved experiments using high-order harmonics are moving fast towards the investigation of more complex systems such as biomolecules [6] and composite materials [7]. All these experiments indicate that the fundamental steps of electronic dynamics evolve on the attosecond timescale, calling for the reproducible generation and characterization of sub-femtoseconds pulses to excite and probe electronic wave packets. While the generation of trains of attosecond pulses can be accomplished by using multi-cycle IR intense femtosecond pulses, the synthesization of isolated attosecond pulses requires the precise control of the electric field of the driving pulse [8] in combination with techniques for the (spectral or temporal) confinement of the harmonic generation mechanism [9]. Nowadays, pulse durations are quickly approaching the atomic unit of time (1 a.u.=24 as) [10,11].Time-resolved studies based on high-order harmonic radiation, however, are affected by limitations that can be traced back to the fundamental characteristics of the HHG process. While the XUV-pump-IR-probe approach is routinely implemented in several laboratories, the conceptually more straightforward XUV-pump-XUV-probe approach still represents a formidable experimental challenge and it has been demonstrated only by a few groups worldwide [12,13]. The main reason resides in the low conversion efficiency of the HHG process (usually in the 10 −9 − 10 −5 range) that calls for high-energy (several tens or hundreds of mJ) driving pulses for reaching the energy level required for multi-photon interaction and nonlinear absorption in the XUV spectral range.Similarly, HHG by driving pulses in the IR spectral range is limited to photon energies up to, typically, 100 eV, thus preventing the possibility to address and investigate electronic dynamics initiated by excitation or ionization of core electrons. In this context the development of mid-IR driving source is motivated by the favorable scaling of the high harmonics cut-off energy on the wavelength of the driving pulse, which holds the promise to give access to keV isolated attosecond pulses [14].Finally, several experimental techniques, such as photoelectron microscopy, and coincidence photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy, require moderate pulse energy, but at (very) high repetition rates in order to overcome spacecharge effects and to improve the signal-to-noise...

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Section: Hhg For High Xuv Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in high-order harmonic generation sources for time-resolved investigations

Reduzzi

Carpeggiani

Kühn

et al. 2015

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

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“…For relatively low laser intensities, the so-called coherent wake emission mechanism (CWE) dominates [11,12]. Under these circumstances, it has been recently demonstrated that the harmonic emission leads to temporal bunching with attosecond pulse durations [13,14]. At higher intensities, the relativistic oscillating mirror (ROM) mechanism becomes dominant [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-μJ harmonic emission energy from laser-driven plasma

et al. 2014

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“…The ROM process can be understood in terms of the relativistic motion of the apparent reflection point, and thus ROM harmonics become dominant when the normalized vector potential a L , which in terms of the focused laser intensity I L is given by a 2 L ¼ I L 2 L =ð1:38 Â 10 18 W cm À2 m 2 Þ, is significantly larger than unity, while for a L & 1 the CWE mechanism is considerably more efficient. While attosecond pulse trains generated using the CWE process have been experimentally observed [17,18], they have been significantly above the transform limited pulse duration. ROM harmonics by contrast possess superior phase characteristics and are therefore better suited to the generation of isolated attosecond pulses with near transform limited pulse durations [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Few-Cycle Driven Relativistically Oscillating Plasma Mirrors: A Source of Intense Isolated Attosecond Pulses

et al. 2012

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The conditions required for the production of isolated attosecond pulses from relativistically oscillating mirrors (ROM) are investigated numerically and experimentally. In simulations, carrier-envelope-phase-stabilized three-cycle pulses are found to be sufficient to produce isolated attosecond pulses, while two-cycle pulses will predominantly lead to isolated attosecond pulses even in the absence of carrier-envelope stabilization. Using a state-of-the-art laser system delivering three-cycle pulses at multiple-terawatt level, we have generated higher harmonics up to 70 eV photon energy via the ROM mechanism. The observed spectra are in agreement with theoretical expectations and highlight the potential of few-cycle-driven ROM harmonics for intense isolated attosecond pulse generation for performing extreme ultraviolet-pump extreme ultraviolet-probe experiments.

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Temporal characterization of attosecond pulses emitted from solid-density plasmas

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Advances in high-order harmonic generation sources for time-resolved investigations

Advances in high-order harmonic generation sources for time-resolved investigations

Multi-μJ harmonic emission energy from laser-driven plasma

Few-Cycle Driven Relativistically Oscillating Plasma Mirrors: A Source of Intense Isolated Attosecond Pulses

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