Temporal characteristics of L- and M-cone isolating steady-state electroretinograms

Kommanapalli, Deepika; Murray, Ian J.; Kremers, Jan; Parry, Neil R. A.; McKeefry, Declan J.

doi:10.1364/josaa.31.00a113

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The means (6SD) are shown as a function of adaptation time in Figure 6. In agreement with earlier data, the L/M ratios at 12 Hz were smaller than those at 36 Hz, consistent with the notion that the responses reflect luminance activity at 36 Hz and redgreen chromatic activity at 12 Hz (Jacob et al, 2015;Kommanapalli, Murray, Kremers, Parry, & McKeefry, 2014;Kremers & Link, 2008; Kremers et al, 2010; Figure 3. Martins et al, 2016).…”

Section: Changes In L/m Ratios During Adaptationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The aim of the present study was to describe lightadaptation processes after extended dark-adaptation for ERG mechanisms that are driven by L-and Mcones and that reflect the activity of cone opponent and luminance postreceptoral pathways (Jacob et al, 2015;Kommanapalli et al, 2014;Kremers & Link, 2008;Kremers et al, 2010;Martins et al, 2016). This study extends the data already available in the literature in several ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Pathway-specific light adaptation in human electroretinograms

et al. 2019

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The cellular origins of slow ERG changes during light adaptation following a dark-adapted state are still unclear. To study light adaptation, six healthy, normal trichromats were dark-adapted for 30 min prior to fullfield ERG recordings to sinusoidal stimuli that isolate responses of the L-or M-cones or that stimulate luminance and chromatic mechanisms at 12 or 36 Hz. Recordings were performed for 16 min with 2-min intervals after onset of a constant background. Generally, the responses were sine-wave-like, and the first harmonic (fundamental) component dominated the Fourier spectrum except for the 12-Hz luminance stimulus in which two components, a sine-wave-like component and a transient component, determined the response profiles, leading to large second harmonic components. The amplitude of the first harmonic component (F) increased as a function of the light-adaptation time except for the 12-Hz luminance stimulus at which the F component decreased as a function of the light-adaptation period. The phase of the first harmonic component changed only slightly (less than 308) during the light-adaptation period for all stimuli conditions. The L/M ratio in luminance reflecting ERGs decreased with increasing adaptation time. Our present data suggest that the lightadaptation process mainly reflects changes in the luminance pathway. The responses to 12-Hz luminance stimuli are determined by two different luminance driven pathways with different adaptation characteristics.

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Section: Changes In L/m Ratios During Adaptationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Pathway-specific light adaptation in human electroretinograms

et al. 2019

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“…It is possible that the responses in the mouse retina are generally more sluggish or more tonic than in humans. The apparent latencies that explain response phases may also be in agreement with this notion [i.e., estimates in mice: 37-39 ms for cone-and rod-driven signals vs. 15-17 ms in humans for 12-60 Hz (Kommanapalli et al 2014;Kremers and Pangeni 2012)]. …”

Section: Comparison Of Retinal Physiology Between Transgenic and Wt Mmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…about 15 Hz, where L-and M-cone responsivities are similar (i.e., a putatively cone opponent mechanism that may reflect parvocellular activity), whereas the other is active at higher temporal frequencies, measurable up to at least 40 Hz (i.e., reflects magnocellularly based luminance activity). This change in mechanism is also reflected in the human response phases (Kommanapalli et al 2014). Mouse responsivities, on the other hand, are larger at low temporal frequencies and decrease strongly above about 14 Hz, being barely measurable at 30 Hz.…”

Section: Comparison Of Retinal Physiology Between Transgenic and Wt Mmentioning

confidence: 93%

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Tsai

Atorf

Neitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Tsai TI, Atorf J, Neitz M, Neitz J, Kremers J. Rod-and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment. J Neurophysiol 114: 2230 -2241, 2015. First published August 5, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00188.2015.-The mouse is commonly used for studying retinal processing, primarily because it is amenable to genetic manipulation. To accurately study photoreceptor driven signals in the healthy and diseased retina, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types. This is not easily achieved in mice because of the strong overlap of rod and M-cone absorption spectra (i.e., maxima at 498 and 508 nm, respectively). With a newly developed mouse model (Opn1lw LIAIS ) expressing a variant of the human L-cone pigment (561 nm) instead of the mouse M-opsin, the absorption spectra are substantially separated, allowing retinal physiology to be studied using silent substitution stimuli. Unlike conventional chromatic isolation methods, this spectral compensation approach can isolate single photoreceptor subtypes without changing the retinal adaptation. We measured flicker electroretinograms in these mutants under ketamine-xylazine sedation with double silent substitution (silent S-cone and either rod or M/L-cones) and obtained robust responses for both rods and (L-)cones. Small signals were yielded in wild-type mice, whereas heterozygotes exhibited responses that were generally intermediate to both. Fundamental response amplitudes and phase behaviors (as a function of temporal frequency) in all genotypes were largely similar. Surprisingly, isolated (L-)cone and rod response properties in the mutant strain were alike. Thus the LIAIS mouse warrants a more comprehensive in vivo assessment of photoreceptor subtype-specific physiology, because it overcomes the hindrance of overlapping spectral sensitivities present in the normal mouse. keywords electrophysiology; mouse; photoreceptors; silent substitution IN RECENT YEARS, THE MOUSE has been the mainstay model for studying the physiology of the retina and retinal diseases. In vivo studies of retinal electrophysiology can be achieved by electroretinography (ERG). This method is noninvasive and enables repeated measurements from the same animal. Recent developments in ERG recordings in humans have shown that ERGs not have only a clinical value but also may give information on information processing in major retinogeniculate pathways with relevance for basic visual neuroscience (Kremers and Link 2008;Kremers et al. 2010;Parry et al. 2012). This relevance was recently confirmed for the mouse (Allen et al. 2014). To be able to study retinal signal processing and its disease-related changes, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types and record the signals that each elicits downstream. Also, in other studies of the retinal physiology, isolation of photoreceptor responses may lead to a better understanding of the information processing in the retina and for associated visual functions (Brown et al. 2010(Brown et al. , 2...

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“…Our sampling of temporal frequencies is too coarse to estimate the apparent latencies. In a previous study with FF stimuli it was found that the apparent latencies of L- and M-cone driven ERG signals are very small at intermediate temporal frequencies whereas there are substantial differences at high temporal frequencies [ 18 ] and may cause the large differences between L- and M-cone driven phases at high temporal frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Properties of L- and M-Cone Inputs to Electroretinograms That Reflect Different Types of Post-Receptoral Processing

et al. 2015

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We studied the spatial arrangement of L- and M-cone driven electroretinograms (ERGs) reflecting the activity of magno- and parvocellular pathways. L- and M-cone isolating sine wave stimuli were created with a four primary LED stimulator using triple silent substitution paradigms. Temporal frequencies were 8 and 12 Hz, to reflect cone opponent activity, and 30, 36 and 48 Hz to reflect luminance activity. The responses were measured for full-field stimuli and for different circular and annular stimuli. The ERG data confirm the presence of two different mechanisms at intermediate and high temporal frequencies. The responses measured at high temporal frequencies strongly depended upon spatial stimulus configuration. In the full-field conditions, the L-cone driven responses were substantially larger than the full-field M-cone driven responses and also than the L-cone driven responses with smaller stimuli. The M-cone driven responses at full-field and with 70° diameter stimuli displayed similar amplitudes. The L- and M-cone driven responses measured at 8 and 12 Hz were of similar amplitude and approximately in counter-phase. The amplitudes were constant for most stimulus configurations. The results indicate that, when the ERG reflects luminance activity, it is positively correlated with stimulus size. Beyond 35° retinal eccentricity, the retina mainly contains L-cones. Small stimuli are sufficient to obtain maximal ERGs at low temporal frequencies where the ERGs are also sensitive to cone-opponent processing.

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Temporal characteristics of L- and M-cone isolating steady-state electroretinograms

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Pathway-specific light adaptation in human electroretinograms

Pathway-specific light adaptation in human electroretinograms

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

The Spatial Properties of L- and M-Cone Inputs to Electroretinograms That Reflect Different Types of Post-Receptoral Processing

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