“…The long-term trends in taxonomic composition at all sites are paralleled by increases in sensitive species, indicating biodiversity recovery. These observations align with larger-scale European studies on compositional shifts in stream macroinvertebrates toward gradual recovery due to improvements in water quality [24,25,64]. Alternatively, increases in diversity across studied sites, regardless of anthropogenic disturbance levels, could also be an effect of climate warming [9,24].…”
Section: Trends Of Macroinvertebrate Communitiessupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Macroinvertebrate communities are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance, rendering them efficient indicators of freshwater ecosystem health [38,68]. Recent large-scale analyses have provided insights into freshwater macroinvertebrate community trends [24,25,68], but are often limited by insufficient long-term environmental driver data.…”
Background
Recent studies indicate a partial recovery of European stream macroinvertebrate diversity. However, the key determinants shaping the overall community trends are only partly explored, owing to insufficient long-term environmental data collected in parallel with community responses. We investigate long-term trends in stream macroinvertebrate communities (i.e., taxonomic and trait composition and metrics), and explore their relationships to diverse environmental drivers (i.e., land-use, runoff, water temperature, and in-stream chemicals). We use macroinvertebrate data collected annually in spring and summer between 2007 and 2021 at four sampling sites within the Rhine-Main-Observatory Long-Term Ecological Research site. These sampling sites encompass a gradient from less-disturbed to disturbed conditions.
Results
Over time, shifts in taxonomic and trait composition and metrics indicated an improvement in environmental conditions. Long-term trends of biological trait metrics mirrored those for taxonomic metrics; for example, increases over time in taxonomic richness were paralleled by increases in functional richness and functional dispersion. Meanwhile, trends of ecological trait metrics were particularly driven by changes in environmental drivers. Land-use, water temperature, and runoff explained around 20% of the overall variance in long-term trends of macroinvertebrate communities. Water temperature and land-use played relatively equal roles in shaping taxonomic and trait composition and metric responses in spring, while water temperature emerged as the most influential driver in summer. However, when incorporating long-term chemical data as a more direct measurement of changes in land-use, the overall variance explained in macroinvertebrate community trends increased to c.a. 50% in both seasons.
Conclusions
Examining more relevant driver variables beyond land-use and climate improves insights into why biodiversity exhibits long-term trends. We call for an increase in initiatives to link biodiversity monitoring with parallel sampling of relevant environmental drivers.
“…The long-term trends in taxonomic composition at all sites are paralleled by increases in sensitive species, indicating biodiversity recovery. These observations align with larger-scale European studies on compositional shifts in stream macroinvertebrates toward gradual recovery due to improvements in water quality [24,25,64]. Alternatively, increases in diversity across studied sites, regardless of anthropogenic disturbance levels, could also be an effect of climate warming [9,24].…”
Section: Trends Of Macroinvertebrate Communitiessupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Macroinvertebrate communities are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance, rendering them efficient indicators of freshwater ecosystem health [38,68]. Recent large-scale analyses have provided insights into freshwater macroinvertebrate community trends [24,25,68], but are often limited by insufficient long-term environmental driver data.…”
Background
Recent studies indicate a partial recovery of European stream macroinvertebrate diversity. However, the key determinants shaping the overall community trends are only partly explored, owing to insufficient long-term environmental data collected in parallel with community responses. We investigate long-term trends in stream macroinvertebrate communities (i.e., taxonomic and trait composition and metrics), and explore their relationships to diverse environmental drivers (i.e., land-use, runoff, water temperature, and in-stream chemicals). We use macroinvertebrate data collected annually in spring and summer between 2007 and 2021 at four sampling sites within the Rhine-Main-Observatory Long-Term Ecological Research site. These sampling sites encompass a gradient from less-disturbed to disturbed conditions.
Results
Over time, shifts in taxonomic and trait composition and metrics indicated an improvement in environmental conditions. Long-term trends of biological trait metrics mirrored those for taxonomic metrics; for example, increases over time in taxonomic richness were paralleled by increases in functional richness and functional dispersion. Meanwhile, trends of ecological trait metrics were particularly driven by changes in environmental drivers. Land-use, water temperature, and runoff explained around 20% of the overall variance in long-term trends of macroinvertebrate communities. Water temperature and land-use played relatively equal roles in shaping taxonomic and trait composition and metric responses in spring, while water temperature emerged as the most influential driver in summer. However, when incorporating long-term chemical data as a more direct measurement of changes in land-use, the overall variance explained in macroinvertebrate community trends increased to c.a. 50% in both seasons.
Conclusions
Examining more relevant driver variables beyond land-use and climate improves insights into why biodiversity exhibits long-term trends. We call for an increase in initiatives to link biodiversity monitoring with parallel sampling of relevant environmental drivers.
“…Aquatic invertebrates are very good biological indicators for assessments of environmental conditions in river ecosystems [1][2][3][4]. Macroinvertebrate communities react to both organic pollution and habitat changes [8,51,52].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Study area and sampling sites. A-rivers, B-lakes and fish ponds, C-forests, and Dsampling sites (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The direction of flow is from site 1 to site 6.…”
Section: Study Area Sites and Field Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Aquatic macroinvertebrates are commonly used to evaluate water quality and, more broadly, the quality of the aquatic environment all over the world [1][2][3][4]. In the EU, the European Union Water Framework Directive requires assessments of the aquatic environment based on aquatic invertebrates [5].…”
In the European Union, assessments of the quality of the aquatic environment based on aquatic invertebrates are mandatory. Biological methods are supplemented with hydromorphological assessments of watercourses. There are many studies analysing the relationships between aquatic invertebrates and the hydromorphological assessment of the environment by the River Habitat Survey (RHS) method, but thus far, there has been no detailed study including water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) and the application of this method. In the present study, the following research hypothesis was put forth: a hydromorphological characterization of habitats is a significant element explaining the nature of water mite communities, and the RHS method can be used to predict the characteristics of Hydrachnidia populations in a river. The research was carried out in a small lowland river, the River Krąpiel (north-western Poland). Six locations were selected as representative of some state of habitat modification for the assessment of the hydromorphological conditions of the river and the collection of biological samples. The following conclusions can be drawn from the research: (1) the biology and ecology of water mites make them suitable as bioindicators of the environment, including hydromorphological modifications, and (2) the hydromorphological characteristics of habitats explain the nature of water mite communities in the river at the level of general population parameters (number of specimens and species), while at the species level, general regularities in water mite fauna distribution in river ecosystems, the continuity of the river ecosystem, and characteristics at a smaller spatial scale (habitat scale) better explain water mite community structure than the hydromorphological indices determined for a given site or section of the river.
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