Temporal Changes in Wet Aggregate Stability

Lehrsch, G.A.; Jolley, P.M.

doi:10.13031/2013.28626

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Treatment differences within season nonetheless were small, particularly when compared to the reported standard errors. Data in Table 1 clearly reveal, however, the increase in Portneuf silt loam aggregate stability that commonly occurs from spring to fall (Bullock et al, 1988;Lehrsch and Jolley, 1992). In our study, the increase in stability from spring to fall was significant for the control but not for the treated soil.…”

Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurecontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Microbial action, increased by the radish green manure, may have quickly increased the stability of treated aggregates in early spring prior to the first sampling in late May of each year. Thereafter, treated plot aggregate stability may have increased at a relatively slow rate from the spring sampling to the fall sampling (Lehrsch and Jolley, 1992). In contrast, the stability of control aggregates may have increased steadily from spring, through summer, into fall, thereby accounting for the larger (and significant) difference in stability from spring to fall (Table 1).…”

Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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Oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) reduces sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) populations. Fall-incorporated radish biomass may also increase the yield and quality of subsequently grown sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by improving soil physical and hydraulic properties. This field study determined radish effects on nearsurface soil aggregate stability, water-stable aggregate size distribution, bulk density, and field-saturated water content, as well as infiltration and hydraulic conductivity measured at water supply potentials of -40, -20, and +0 mm H 2 O. In 2003 and 2004 in Twin Falls, ID, radish were grown in a Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) for about 10 weeks in the fall, then incorporated later that fall by disking, followed by moldboard plowing. In early May of the following year, sugarbeet were planted, irrigated, then harvested for yield and quality. In the spring and fall of each sugarbeet growing season, soil samples were collected from two depths, 0 to 5 and 5 to 50 mm, on which we measured aggregate stability and size distribution by wet sieving. Soil cores were collected from 0 to 34 mm to measure bulk density. Also in spring and fall, we used ponded and tension infiltrometers placed in the row to measure steadystate, unconfined infiltration rates and, from those rates, to Additional key words: Raphanus sativus, cover crop, Beta vulgaris, aggregate stability, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity W ater use efficiency is increased by improving soil water relations, such as infiltration or water retention, for crops grown in rotation. Adding oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) as a temperate-region, non-legume green manure into crop rotations with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and/or sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) may enhance soil water relations.Green manures are crops that, while still green or soon after maturity, are incorporated into soil to improve the soil's physical, chemical, or biological properties and thereby increase the succeeding crop's yield, quality, or both (Cherr et al., 2006). Additions of organic matter, including that from an incorporated green manure, are commonly thought to increase soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992). Amendments can also reduce bulk density, alter soil pore size distributions, reduce a soil's susceptibility to erosion, and slow the formation of surface seals and crusts, thereby maintaining infiltration rates and thus delaying runoff (Bresson et al., 2001;Edmeades, 2003;Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Organic amendment effects on a soil's water-holding capacity (WHC) may or may not occur (Głąb and Kulig, 2008;MacRae and Mehuys, 1985). Adding organic matter may increase both the field capacity and permanent wilting point, resulting in little or no net change (Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Alternatively, such additions may decrease WHC, due to decreases in bulk density and chang...

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Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurecontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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“…This decrease in erosion also occurs to a lesser extent with the lower, older corn and bean leaves dying and falling into the furrows. The continued increase in aggregate stability or cohesion from a low in the spring to a maximum in the fall (Bullock et al, 1988;Lehrsch and Jolley, 1992) would result in less aggregate breakdown with fewer relatively small aggregates subsequently entrained in the furrow stream.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can, however, suggest processes that may be causing the changes seen from July onward. The decrease in erosion rates as the growing season draws to an end is likely caused by a number of factors including aggregate stability increases (Bullock et al, 1988;Lehrsch and Jolley, 1992;Lehrsch and Brown, 1995), soil consolidation, vegetative influences (Sojka et al, 1992) and infiltration increases (Lehrsch and Brown, 1995). Obviously, some soil properties, that affect erodibility, change as the season progresses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal trends in furrow irrigation erosion in southern Idaho

et al. 1995

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A study was conducted to measure the seasonal irrigation furrow erosion pattern in the absence of cultivation and a growing crop. This erosion pattern was compared to those of previous measured plot experiments for different years in the presence of cultivation and a growing crop. Erosion for sugarheets, corn and beans was low early in the season and increased to a maximum during the same 3-week period, from 24 June to 10 July over several years. Erosion decreased as the irrigation season progressed after the erosion peak. The erosion pattern from the uncultivated, non-cropped plots resembled the pattern from previous studies on cropped soil with the maximum erosion occurring about the same time of season. The pattern trends differed only after peak erosion. For the cropped plots, there was a sudden erosion decline after peak erosion, followed by a continual gradual decrease. In contrast, for the uncultivated, non-cropped plots, there was a sudden erosion decline after peak erosion, followed by a gradual increase in erosion. Although the seasonal erosion pattern cannot be completely explained, it is important to report it because of the implication for erosion modeling. Sediment loss rates measured from these soils in southern Idaho in late June or early July would significantly overestimate seasonal erosion, whereas sediment loss rates measured in May or early June or after mid-July would underestimate seasonal erosion. These results show that researchers cannot rely upon a one-time measurement for model validation if attempting to predict irrigation furrow erosion over an entire irrigating season.

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“…It is possible that, as even more whey is applied, stability would continue to increase but at a decreasing rate, approaching an asymptote near 90%, most likely. non-air-dried samples of semiarid, nonsodic soils of the US Pacific Northwest seldom exceeds 90% (Bullock et al, 1988;Lehrsch & Jolley, 1992). Figure 2 suggests that whey applications greater than 100 mm would increase aggregate stability above 83%.…”

Section: Greenhousementioning

confidence: 99%