Temporal Changes in Skin Temperature Caused by Wet and Dry Heat in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

Abstract. [Purpose] We examined the changes in skin temperature before and after application of wet or dry heat to regions of the bodies of healthy volunteers.[Methods] Sixteen healthy subjects (eight female and eight male volunteers) with no past history of disease were selected for this study. The heat was applied to the shoulder, knee, and back regions for 30 minutes. Time-dependent changes in skin temperature of the knee joint in the suprapatellar, patellar, and infrapatellar regions were also intensively measured after 10, 20, and 30 min of wet or dry heat application. We used an IRIS-5000 digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) device for temperature measurements.[Results] In an anthropometric statistic analysis, body mass index (BMI) and Röhrer's index were significantly decreased in women compared with men. Skin temperatures in the suprapatellar, patellar, and infrapatellar regions of the knee after application of wet and dry heat in both men and women significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. We heat in particular produced a marked time-dependent increase in skin temperature in women compared with men in all regions. On the other hand, dry heat produced a noticeable increase in skin temperature in men compared with women in all regions. In analysis of comparison between wet and dry heat, women showed no differences, but dry heat produced a significant time-dependent increase in skin temperature in the men compared with wet heat in all regions.[Conclusion] The effects of dry and wet heat application on the distribution and variation of skin temperature may differ in part by gender.

Heat transfer by three types of hot pack and its implication on the flexibility of the lower back: a randomized, controlled trial

“…This discrepancy could be explained by the type of heat generated by the MHP, its moisture condition and the specific heat property of the hot pack material. Moist heat can penetrate more quickly than dry heat because water molecules conduct heat better than air molecules, so the moist heat can be used at lower temperatures and with shorter exposure periods than dry heat 24 . When comparing the difference between initial and final pack temperatures, the MHP group was the one that achieved the greatest heat loss, obtaining significant differences from the SP and GP groups, indicating that it was the group that had the greatest ability to transfer heat.…”

Phosphorylation of Heat Shock Protein 27 is Increased by Cast Immobilization and by Serum-free Starvation in Skeletal Muscles

“…These reports have carefully suggested that the change in mitogen-activated protein kinases, myoglobin, and cofilin aids in adaptation to stress induced by cast immobilization and serum-free starvation with a low concentration of glucose. However, further systematic studies in the area of physiotherapy, such as with electro-, neuro-, hydro-, and thermotherapy, are needed to demonstrate the mechanism of HSP27 in muscle atrophic conditions 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ) ( Fig. 1C ).…”

Video-Based Elevated Skin Temperature Detection

“…Artificial facial skin temperature elevation is achieved by exposure to an infrared heat lamp (Philips PAR38E -175W [89]). Studies by Kim et al [87] and Lopes et al [88] indicated the rate of elevation in skin temperature to be approximately 2°F per minute of head-on exposure to the heat lamp. To cause an elevation in skin temperature similar to a fever, an exposure time of 3 minutes was determined to be optimal to Fig.…”

“…6) is placed at a distance of 0.7m from the seated subject. The heat lamp is placed at a distance of 0.5m [87], [88] from the subject with the lamp focused normally on the subject's face, to ensure uniform heating of all facial regions. The subject is instructed to perform left-right head rotation for the duration of the video recording, guided by 5 flags placed on the table at angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°and 150°from left to right.…”