Temporal changes in infections with some pathogens associated with gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L)

Gunnarsson, Gunnar S.; Karlsbakk, Egil; Blindheim, Steffen H.; Plarre, Heidrun; Imsland, Albert K.; Handeland, Sigurd O.; Sveier, Harald; Nylund, Are

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.011

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is similar to the prevalence recorded in a study in Norway by Gunnarsson et al. () where they showed high prevalence for both D. lepeophtherii (100%) and Ca . B. cysticola (83%–100%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, there has been an increased focus on the multifactorial aspect of gill disease (Gjessing, Thoen, Tengs, Skotheim, & Dale, ; Gunnarsson et al., ) as numerous putative pathogens have been identified and found to be connected with gill disease (Mitchell & Rodger, ; Steinum et al., ). There is a lack of knowledge in relation to the occurrence and development of co‐infections with many of these putative pathogens (Oldham et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While, densities of Ca . B. cysticola were not significantly different between fish with gill disease and healthy fish from a study conducted in Norway (Gunnarsson et al., ). However, a number of studies in Norway found gill‐related disease attributed to epitheliocystis (Kvellestad et al., ; Nylund, Kvenseth, & Isdal, ; Steinum et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…While amoebic gill disease (AGD) is perhaps the most significant disease in terms of gill health and economic impact (Nowak, Valdenegro‐Vega, Crosbie, & Bridle, ; Oldham, Rodger, & Nowak, ; Rodger, ; Steinum et al., ; Taylor, Muller, Cook, Kube, & Elliott, ), there are numerous other agents that are associated with gill disease (Gunnarsson et al., ; Mitchell & Rodger, ). Proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) was the term introduced to describe recurring gill disease in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway with a multifactorial aetiology (Kvellestad, Falk, Nygaard, Flesjå, & Holm, ; Steinum et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of co‐infections with pathogens associated with gill disease in Atlantic salmon during an amoebic gill disease outbreak

Downes

Yatabe

Marcos-López

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Gill diseases are a complex and multifactorial challenge for marine farmed Atlantic salmon. Co-infections with putative pathogens are common on farms; however, there is a lack of knowledge in relation to the potential effect co-infections may have on pathology. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential effects of Neoparamoeba perurans, Desmozoon lepeophtherii, Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola, Tenacibaculum maritimum and salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) during a longitudinal study on a marine Atlantic salmon farm. Real-time PCR was used to determine the presence and sequential infection patterns of these pathogens on gill samples collected from stocking until harvest. A number of multilevel models were used to determine the effect of these putative pathogens on gill health (measured as gill histopathology score), while adjusting for the effect of water temperature and time since the last freshwater treatment. Results indicate that between 12 and 16 weeks post-seawater transfer (wpst), colonization of the gills by all pathogens had commenced and by week 16 of marine production each of the pathogens had been detected. D. lepeophtherii and Candidatus B. cysticola were by far the most prevalent of the potential pathogens detected during this study. Detections of T. maritimum were found to be significantly correlated with temperature showing distinct seasonality. Salmon gill poxvirus was found to be highly sporadic and detected in the first sampling point, suggesting a carryover from the freshwater stage of production. Finally, the model results indicated no clear effect between any of the pathogens. Additionally, the models showed that the only variable which had a consistent effect on the histology score was N. perurans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation of co‐infections with pathogens associated with gill disease in Atlantic salmon during an amoebic gill disease outbreak

Downes

Yatabe

Marcos-López

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Studying Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (L.), in Norwegian fish farms, Gunnarsson et al . () suggested that ‘ Ca . B. cysticola’ may benefit from infections of P. theridion after observing a positive correlation between these two microparasites.…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of microparasites present in adult migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in south‐western British Columbia determined by high‐throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Bass

Hinch

Teffer

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Microparasites play an important role in the demography, ecology and evolution of Pacific salmonids. As salmon stocks continue to decline and the impacts of global climate change on fish populations become apparent, a greater understanding of microparasites in wild salmon populations is warranted. We used high-throughput, quantitative PCR (HT-qRT-PCR) to rapidly screen 82 adult Chinook salmon from five geographically or genetically distinct groups (mostly returning to tributaries of the Fraser River) for 45 microparasite taxa. We detected 20 microparasite species, four of which have not previously been documented in Chinook salmon, and four of which have not been previously detected in any salmonids in the Fraser River. Comparisons of microparasite load to blood plasma variables revealed some positive associations between Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Cryptobia salmositica and Ceratonova shasta and physiological indices suggestive of morbidity. We include a comparison of our findings for each microparasite taxa with previous knowledge of its distribution in British Columbia.

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Identification of housekeeping genes of Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola associated with epitheliocystis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

et al. 2022

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Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola is an intracellular, gram-negative Betaproteobacteria causing epitheliocystis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). The bacterium has not been genetically characterized at the intraspecific level despite its high prevalence among salmon suffering from gill disease in Norwegian aquaculture. DNA from gill samples of Atlantic salmon PCR positive for Cand. B. cysticola and displaying pathological signs of gill disease, was, therefore, extracted and subject to next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Partial sequences of four housekeeping (HK) genes (aceE, lepA, rplB, rpoC) were ultimately identified from the sequenced material. Assays for real-time RT-PCR and fluorescence in-situ hybridization, targeting the newly acquired genes, were simultaneously applied with existing assays targeting the previously characterized 16S rRNA gene. Agreement in both expression and specificity between these putative HK genes and the 16S gene was observed in all instances, indicating that the partial sequences of these HK genes originate from Cand. B. cysticola. The knowledge generated from the present study constitutes a major prerequisite for the future design of novel genotyping schemes for this bacterium.

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Temporal changes in infections with some pathogens associated with gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L)

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Investigation of co‐infections with pathogens associated with gill disease in Atlantic salmon during an amoebic gill disease outbreak

Investigation of co‐infections with pathogens associated with gill disease in Atlantic salmon during an amoebic gill disease outbreak

A survey of microparasites present in adult migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in south‐western British Columbia determined by high‐throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Identification of housekeeping genes of Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola associated with epitheliocystis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

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