Temporal Aspects of the Development of Root Disease Epidemics

Gilligan, Christopher A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85063-9_6

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This, however, leads towards an agestructure model of root infection and exceeds the scope of this paper. The models presented in this paper continue and extend earlier work on the analysis of botanical epidemics and the spread of root infection (Smith & Walker 1981;Walker & Smith 1984;Gilligan 1985Gilligan , 1990Gilligan , 1994Jeger 1987). The models also form a basis for elaborations incorporating spatial heterogeneity, functional responses for the effects of pathogens on host growth and for scaling from the behaviour of individual propagules to mean field behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Yet the principles for epidemic spread within and between fields, problems of scale in linking infection of an individual to population behaviour and the amenability of plants to experimental analysis imply that botanical epidemiology is both theoretically and experimentally suited to contribute to broader epidemiological analyses. This is particularly true for soil-borne plant pathogens for which there is currently much interest in biological control (Cook & Baker 1983;Cook 1988;Gilligan 1994;Kleczkowski et al 1996;Gubbins & Gilligan 1996) and in problems of spatial heterogeneity (Gilligan 1995). Soil-borne plant pathogens include fungi, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas and ricketsialike organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population dynamics of botanical epidemics involving primary and secondary infection

Gilligan

Kleczkowski

1997

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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SUMMARYIn this paper we study the dynamical properties of models for botanical epidemics, especially for soil-borne fungal infection. The models develop several new concepts, involving dual sources of infection, host and inoculum dynamics. Epidemics are modelled with respect to the infection status of whole plants and plant organs (the G model) or to lesion density and size (the SW model). The infection can originate in two sources, either from the initial inoculum (primary infection) or by a direct transmission between plant tissue (secondary infection). The first term corresponds to the transmission through the free-living stages of macroparasites or an external source of infection in certain medical models, whereas the second term is equivalent to direct transmission between the hosts in microparasitic infections. The models allow for dynamics of host growth and inoculum decay. We show that the two models for root and lesion dynamics can be derived as special cases of a single generic model. Analytical and numerical methods are used to analyse the behaviour of the models for static, unlimited (exponential) and asymptotically limited host growth with and without secondary infection, and with and without decay of initial inoculum. The models are shown to exhibit a range of epidemic behaviour within single seasons that extends from simple monotonic increase with saturation of the host population, through temporary plateaux as the system switches from primary to secondary infection, to effective elimination of the pathogen by the host outgrowing the fungal infection. For certain conditions, the equilibrium values are shown to depend on initial conditions. These results have important consequences for the control of plant disease. They can be applied beyond soil-borne plant pathogens to mycorrhizal fungi and aerial pathogens while the principles of primary and secondary infection with host and inoculum dynamics may be used to link classical models for both microparasitic and macroparasitic infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of botanical epidemics involving primary and secondary infection

Gilligan

Kleczkowski

1997

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Pathogens have a latent period (period of time from infection to production of inoculum) and an infectious period (time during which inoculum is produced), which must also be considered in models. For a more indepth review of the temporal aspects of root disease epidemics we refer to Gilligan (1994).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Soilborne Diseases: Temporal and Spatial Aspmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms

et al. 2008

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The rhizosphere is a hot spot of microbial interactions as exudates released by plant roots are a main food source for microorganisms and a driving force of their population density and activities. The rhizosphere harbors many organisms that have a neutral effect on the plant, but also attracts organisms that exert deleterious or beneficial effects on the plant. Microorganisms that adversely affect plant growth and health are the pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, bacteria and nematodes. Most of the soilborne pathogens are adapted to grow and survive in the bulk soil, but the rhizosphere is the playground and infection court where the pathogen establishes a parasitic relationship with the plant. The rhizosphere is also a battlefield where the complex rhizosphere community, both microflora and microfauna, interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of pathogen infection. A wide range of microorganisms are beneficial to the plant and include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, endo-and ectomycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the population dynamics and activity of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Specific attention is given to mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions between beneficial microorganisms, pathogens and the plant. We also discuss how agricultural practices affect pathogen and antagonist populations and how these practices can be adopted to promote plant growth and health.

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“…This was confirmed by regression analysis with an increase of ascospore density to a maximum, followed by a decrease to a background level over time. This dynamic suggests antagonistic interactions between pathogens and other microorganisms or the soil fauna (Gilligan, 1994). A rapid increase of inoculum density could be associated with more intensive management practices, as pointed out by Mertely et al (1993b), who found a mean of 11.1 ascospores g )1 of soil in an intensively managed field in Texas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Population Dynamics of Monosporascus cannonballus Ascospores in Marsh Soils in Eastern Spain

Beltrán

Civera

Júnior³

et al. 2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The population dynamics of Monosporascus cannonballus ascospores in the soils of four muskmelon fields located in a marsh area in Castello´n province (eastern Spain) was studied for a 3 year period. Two of these fields were cropped to muskmelon with fallow periods between muskmelon cropping, and the others were in fallow and had extensive flooding periods. Muskmelon cultivation resulted in a progressive increase of the number of ascospores in soil, reaching a maximum 7 months after muskmelon planting (2-4 months after plant death), and a subsequent decline during fallow periods between muskmelon crops. During muskmelon cropping, in-bed and between-bed ascospore numbers were compared and, in general, there were no statistical differences between them. In the fields which were in fallow and flooded, the dynamics found was a progressive decline of the population of ascospores. Soilborne inoculum was viable and capable of infecting muskmelon at the end of the 3 year period in all fields, demonstrating that ascospores of M. cannonballus are able to survive for this period of time in the absence of muskmelon cultivation and also that this fungus seems to be well adapted to survive in soils which maintain a high water table during the crop or under flooding conditions.

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Temporal Aspects of the Development of Root Disease Epidemics

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Population dynamics of botanical epidemics involving primary and secondary infection

Population dynamics of botanical epidemics involving primary and secondary infection

The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms

Population Dynamics of Monosporascus cannonballus Ascospores in Marsh Soils in Eastern Spain

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