Temporal and spatial variation in garden and street trees in six eastern Australian cities

Kirkpatrick, J. B.; Daniels, G.D.; Davison, AG

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.029

Cited by 99 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Taller trees were more likely to be exotic than native, with nearly half of all gardens (42%) lacking native trees of this size. The mean density of trees (> 5 m high) across properties was 10.0/ha: this is low relative to Australian gardens, where the density of trees (> 4-5 m) in six cities ranged from a low of 56/ha in Hobart to 109/ha in Melbourne (Kirkpatrick et al 2011). Trees may be used to provide shade in Australia, which has a hotter climate than Dunedin, where householders' preference for sun can mitigate against the presence of large trees in close proximity to homes.…”

Section: Tree Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors

Heezik¹,

Freeman²,

Porter³

et al. 2014

E&S

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Drivers of garden diversity and structure are complex, reflecting the diversity of social, cultural, and socioeconomic characteristics of the householders who manage their gardens, as well as their predecessors. Here we investigate the woodiness of gardens, and focus on (1) the prevalence of native versus exotic woody plants and (2) the influence of characteristics of garden owners, the gardens, and their proximity to neighborhood green spaces to identify the degree to which these factors explain patterns in native and exotic woody species communities in entire (back and front) gardens in southern temperate New Zealand. We found few consistent patterns in structure in woody species community composition. Outlying gardens were characterized by low species richness and abundance. Thirty-seven species commonly occurred across most gardens: most of these were exotic. Twelve native species were common throughout most gardens. There was significant but weak matching to social and environmental variables: vegetated area, species knowledge, and education explained pattern in native communities, whereas vegetated area, species knowledge, and householder age explained variation in exotic communities. Native trees > 5 m tall occurred in only 58% of gardens. Tall tree density was 10/ha, and 29% of gardens lacked any trees > 5 m. Tree presence was weakly (positively) associated with extent and proximity of neighborhood green space. We suggest that the legacy of previous owners' gardening practices is important to consider when identifying drivers of garden plant community structure.

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Section: Tree Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors

Heezik¹,

Freeman²,

Porter³

et al. 2014

E&S

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“…In urban studies, this association, often referred to as the luxury effect (Hope et al 2003), has been documented repeatedly at the household or neighborhood scale, mostly within nontropical cities in developed countries (Chicago: Iverson and Cook 2000;Vancouver: Melles 2005; Phoenix: Hope et al 2003, Martin et al 2004and Tasmania: Kirkpatrick et al 2007) and at least one in a subtropical urban city of a developing country (Bujumbura: Bigirimana et al 2012). Several studies, however, have cautioned that the luxury effect is not necessarily universal, and that under certain circumstances, factors such as the level of formal education, immigration status variation, neighborhood, or housing age may become more relevant than income in determining vegetation management decisions in residential areas (Grove et al 2006, Luck et al 2009, Kirkpatrick et al 2011, Kendal et al 2012. The combined studies argue that the contemporary association between specific socioeconomic factors and urban vegetation at the household scale is necessarily influenced by city-specific socioeconomic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic drivers of yard sustainable practices in a tropical city

Meléndez‐Ackerman¹,

Santiago-Bartolomei²,

Vila-Ruiz³

et al. 2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. A growing body of work has emphasized the importance of residential areas to the overall green infrastructure of cities and recognizes that outcomes related to these areas are best studied using a social-ecological approach. We conducted vegetation surveys to evaluate yard practices that relate to the state of the yard vegetation, including species diversity and abundance, vegetation structure, and the percent of green area of yards versus paved areas, at the Río Piedras watershed within the San Juan metropolitan area. We used concomitant social household surveys to evaluate the association of social-economic and demographic factors at the household scale with these vegetation characteristics, as well as with landscape-level characteristics related to urban morphology and elevation. Our results for this tropical site were consistent with studies elsewhere in that a greater number of social factors at the household scale were more important in explaining the traits related to how green the yards were. On the other hand, we failed to detect the so-called luxury effect on urban vegetation encountered at many sites. Instead, we found consistent vegetation associations with the age of the residents, housing ownership, and, most importantly, with yard size. We have discussed the potential reasons for these discrepancies and the potential consequences of the human-natural links at the household scale to the future dynamics of this portion of the green infrastructure within this urban watershed.

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“…Moreover, the effects of urbanization on green space may become increasingly intensive. For example, Kirkpatrick et al (2011) found that the links between socioeconomic conditions and urban tree cover intensified over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with urbanization over the last two decades

Zhao

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

188

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► The green space coverage in Chinese cities increased steadily from 1991 to 2009. ► Cities in the same region exhibited long-term similar trends of development. ► Population, land area and GDP significantly affected green space coverage. ► Per capita GDP had the highest independent contribution to green space coverage. ► A linear model to predict variance in green space was constructed. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Irrespective of which side is taken in the densification-sprawl debate, insights into the relationship between urban green space coverage and urbanization have been recognized as essential for guiding sustainable urban development. However, knowledge of the relationships between socio-economic variables of urbanization and long-term green space change is still limited. In this paper, using simple regression, hierarchical partitioning and multi-regression, the temporal trend in green space coverage and its relationship with urbanization were investigated using data from 286 cities between 1989 and 2009, covering all provinces in mainland China with the exception of Tibet. We found that: [1] average green space coverage of cities investigated increased steadily from 17.0% in 1989 to 37.3% in 2009; [2] cities with higher recent green space coverage also had relatively higher green space coverage historically; [3] cities in the same region exhibited similar long-term trends in green space coverage; [4] eight of the nine variables characterizing urbanization showed a significant positive linear relationship with green space coverage, with 'per capita GDP' having the highest independent contribution (24.2%);[5] among the climatic and geographic factors investigated, only mean elevation showed a significant effect; and [6] using the seven largest contributing individual factors, a linear model to predict variance in green space coverage was constructed. Here, we demonstrated that green space coverage in built-up areas tended to reflect the effects of urbanization rather than those of climatic or geographic factors. Quantification of the urbanization effects and the characteristics of green space development in China may provide a valuable reference for research into the processes of urban sprawl and its relationship with green space change.

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Temporal and spatial variation in garden and street trees in six eastern Australian cities

Cited by 99 publications

References 50 publications

Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors

Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors

Socioeconomic drivers of yard sustainable practices in a tropical city

Temporal trend of green space coverage in China and its relationship with urbanization over the last two decades

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