Temporal and spatial variation in transpiration of Norway spruce stands within a forested catchment of the Fichtelgebirge, Germany

Alsheimer, Martina; Köstner, Barbara; Falge, Eva; Tenhunen, John

doi:10.1051/forest:19980107

Cited by 93 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Granier et al [20] reports that the two systems agree well, but the sapflow rates in that study were rather low. In Alsheimer et al [1] there is a tendency to a divergence in the comparison Evaluation of sapflow methods 633 illustrated for days with high sapflow. During conditions of high flow, Offenthaler et al [33] noted that the Cÿ ermák system gave values 3 to 4 times those of the Granier.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Two Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of heat balance and heat dissipation methods for sapflow measurements in pine and spruce

2001

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-The tissue heat-balance method (Cÿ ermák) and the heat-dissipation method (Granier) were compared in three Scots pines and two Norway spruces in a forest in central Sweden. The Granier system measured up to 50% lower sapflow than the Cÿ ermák system at high flow rates. New coefficients for the Granier system were estimated, based on sapflow density from the Cÿ ermák measurements. Without compensation, natural temperature gradients may cause large errors in measurements made by the Granier system. By using a horizontal reference sensor, no compensation was necessary. It was also shown that radial flow patterns must be considered when calculating total tree sapflow. Transpiration of two adjacent stands, one measured by the Granier method and the other by the Cÿ ermák method, showed good agreement internally and with total evaporation measured by the eddy-correlation method. THB / HD / sap-flow / transpiration / Picea abies / Pinus sylvestrisRésumé -Évaluation des méthodes des équilibres thermiques et de dissipation thermique concernant la mesure de flux de sève pour le pin et l'épicéa. La méthode des équilibres thermiques (Cÿ ermák), et la méthode de dissipation thermique (Granier) ont été comparées pour trois Pins sylvestres et deux épicéas dans une forêt du centre de la Suède. Le système Granier a donné des valeurs de flux de sève jusqu'à 50 % plus faible que le système Cÿ ermák pour les flux élevés. De nouveaux coefficients basés sur les mesures de densité de flux obtenues avec le système Cÿ ermák ont été estimés pour le système Granier. Le système Granier sans compensation pour les gradients naturels de température dans le tronc peut présenter de larges erreurs, mais si un capteur de référence horizontal est utilisé, les compensations ne sont pas nécessaires. Il a aussi été démontré que les variations radiales de flux doivent être prises en compte lors des calculs de flux de sève pour l'arbre entier. Les transpirations de deux couverts adjacents, l'un mesuré avec la méthode Granier, et l'autre avec la méthode Cÿ ermák, sont en accord entre elles et avec l'évaporation totale mesurée par la méthode des corrélations turbulentes. THB / HD / flux de sève / transpiration / Picea abies / Pinus sylvestris

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Section: Comparison Of the Two Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both systems have been widely used on different species, such as Picea abies (L.) Karst. [1], Pinus sylvestris L. [20,25] and Quercus robur L. [3,9] under different climatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of heat balance and heat dissipation methods for sapflow measurements in pine and spruce

2001

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“…This could not be verified with our measurements because such long periods of constant illumination do not occur under field conditions. In any case, time-lag effects are included in the responses described in figure 1. Models based on these data may on averge perform well but fail when radiation fluctuates rapidly (cf.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental and endogenous controls on leaf- and stand-level water conductance in a Scots pine plantation

et al. 1998

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“…As stands age in these montane forests, density decreases from several thousand trees per hectare to only several hundred per hectare, as a result of both management activities, and natural self-thinning. Along with these structural changes, tree canopy transpiration decreases to half of the rate found in young stands even though stand total leaf area remains high [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sapflow sensors were used in six spruce stands of differing ages within a montane catchment in the Lehstenbach watershed (Fichtelgebirge, Germany) in order to examine time dependent changes in tree canopy transpiration [1]. As stands age in these montane forests, density decreases from several thousand trees per hectare to only several hundred per hectare, as a result of both management activities, and natural self-thinning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling age- and density-related gas exchange of Picea abies canopies in the Fichtelgebirge, Germany

et al. 2000

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-Differences in canopy exchange of water and carbon dioxide that occur due to changes in tree structure and density in montane Norway spruce stands of Central Germany were analyzed with a three dimensional microclimate and gas exchange model STANDFLUX. The model was used to calculate forest radiation absorption, the net photosynthesis and transpiration of single trees, and gas exchange of tree canopies. Model parameterizations were derived for six stands of Picea abies (L.) Karst. differing in age from 40 to 140 years and in density from 1680 to 320 trees per hectare. Parameterization included information on leaf area distribution from tree harvests, tree positions and tree sizes. Gas exchange was modelled using a single species-specific set of physiological parameters and assuming no influence of soil water availability. For our humid montane stands, these simplifying assumptions appeared to be acceptable. Comparisons of modelled daily tree transpiration with water use estimates from xylem sapflow measurements provided a test of the model. Estimates for canopy transpiration rate derived from the model and via xylem sapflow measurements agreed within ± 20%, especially at moderate to high air vapor pressure deficits. The results suggest that age and density dependent changes in canopy structure (changes in clumping of needles) and their effect on light exposure of the average needle lead to shifts in canopy conductance and determine tree canopy transpiration in these managed montane forests. Modelled canopy net photosynthesis rates are presented, but have not yet been verified at the canopy level.norway spruce / xylem sapflow / canopy transpiration / canopy light use efficiency / biosphere-atmosphere interactions Résumé -Effet de l'âge et de la densité sur la modélisation des échanges gazeux dans la canopée de peuplements de Picea abies (L) Karst. dans le Fichtelgebirge (Allemagne). Les différences d'échange d'eau et de dioxyde de carbone au niveau de la canopée qui se produisent à la suite de changements dans la structure et la densité des arbres dans des peuplements d'Epicéa commun en zone de montagne de l'Allemagne centrale, ont été analysées selon le modèle tridimensionnel de microclimat et d'échange gazeux STANDFLUX. Le modèle a été utilisé pour calculer l'absorption du rayonnement par la forêt, le bilan photosynthétique net et la transpiration d'arbres individuels, et les échanges gazeux au niveau de la canopée. La paramétrisation du modèle a été effectuée à partir des mesures dans six peuplements de Picea abies (L.) Karst. dont l'âge variait de 40 à 140 ans et la densité des peuplements de 1680 à 320 arbres par hectare. La paramétrisation incluait l'information sur la distribution de la surface foliaire à partir de l'exploitation d'arbres, la position des arbres et leurs dimensions. Les échanges gazeux ont été modélisés en utilisant une série de paramètres physiologiques spécifiques de l'espèce, et en supposant qu'il n'y avait aucune influence de la disponibilité en eau. Pour les peuplements consi...

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Temporal and spatial variation in transpiration of Norway spruce stands within a forested catchment of the Fichtelgebirge, Germany

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of heat balance and heat dissipation methods for sapflow measurements in pine and spruce

Evaluation of heat balance and heat dissipation methods for sapflow measurements in pine and spruce

Environmental and endogenous controls on leaf- and stand-level water conductance in a Scots pine plantation

Modelling age- and density-related gas exchange of Picea abies canopies in the Fichtelgebirge, Germany

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