Temporal and spatial trends of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire, 1960–2011

Medalie, Laura

doi:10.3133/ofr20121236

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that, for this area, the impact of large state‐maintained highways is not necessarily different from that of smaller, locally managed roads, although the opposite was found in the Adirondacks of New York (Kelting et al, 2012). Overall, our results corroborate other studies that indicate a connection between urbanization and its resultant increase in impervious surface area and increased road salt concentration in fresh water bodies (Cunningham et al, 2009; Medalie 2012; Cassanelli and Robbins, 2013; Eyles et al, 2013; Dailey et al, 2014; Halstead et al, 2014; Corsi et al, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Basin‐wide impervious surface cover (ISC), proximity to roads, and urban growth are among the factors affecting road salt distribution in streams and rivers (Cunningham et al, 2009; Corsi et al, 2010; Guesdon et al, 2016). The distribution of road salt in groundwater has been attributed to urbanization across large geographic regions of the eastern Unites States (Medalie, 2012; Cassanelli and Robbins, 2013; Corsi et al, 2015), but road salt concentrations in groundwater can vary substantially within a small stream watershed (Kincaid and Findlay, 2009), and the factors that affect that small‐scale variation are not understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Distribution of Road Salt in Private Drinking Water Wells in a Southeastern New York Suburban Township

et al. 2018

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We used a GIS analysis of sodium and chloride concentrations in private water wells in a southeastern New York township to describe the pattern of distribution of road salt in aquifers tapped for drinking water. The primary source of road salt was sodium chloride, and sodium and chloride concentrations were significantly correlated ( = 0.80, < 0.01). Chloride concentrations in wells increased as the percentage of impervious surface cover (ISC) within a 250-m radius around wells increased ( = 0.87, < 0.01) and declined with increasing distance to the nearest road ( = 0.76, < 0.01). Wells that were located lower in elevation than the nearest road had higher concentrations of chloride than wells that were higher than the nearest road, but this occurred only when the nearest road was >30 m from the wells ( < 0.01). Chloride concentrations were not affected by well depth or adjacent road type (major or minor roads). Surface geology and hydrologic soil class had significant effects ( < 0.01) on chloride concentrations in wells, with porous surface geology types and well-drained soils having higher concentrations; these effects may be confounded by the fact that ISC was more likely to occur on these permeable surface geology and soil types. Hot and cold spot analysis revealed substantial unevenness in chloride concentrations. Results for sodium were similar to those for chloride. Overall, these results indicate that road salt contamination of groundwater is unevenly distributed and is affected by landscape factors that can be used to guide well testing and best management practices of deicing salt distribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Road Salt in Private Drinking Water Wells in a Southeastern New York Suburban Township

et al. 2018

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“…From these studies it has been established that road salt is the primary source of significant salinization in many locales (Demers et al, 1990;Gardner and Royer, 2010;Kelly et al, 2010, MacLeod et al, 2011Dailey et al, 2014). Long-term studies suggest increases over several decades across broad regions including in remote locations with relatively low salt levels (Godwin et al, 2003;Kaushal et al, 2005;Kelly et al, 2008;Medalie, 2012;Perera et al, 2013). Techniques including spatial statistics using geographic information systems, multi-variate analysis, and mass-balance modeling have been used to link these broader trends to land-use in general, and specifically to roadways and urban areas (Mattson and Godfrey, 1994;Fitzpatrick et al, 2007;Novotny et al, 2009;Peters et al, 2009;Halstead et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial patterns of Cl- and Na+ concentrations and Cl/Na ratios in salted urban watersheds

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Chen

et al. 2015

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The study of sodium and chloride in the environment has a long history with a particular focus on road salting in urban areas. In many studies, spatial scales are limited (e.g., city) and temporal measurements are coarse (e.g., monthly), with the result that our understanding of the hydrogeochemical dynamics is constrained. Through a unique set of spatial and temporal measurements from the State of Michigan we a) examine the spatial distribution of chloride across a broad geographic area, b) explore the temporal behavior of chloride and sodium over hydrologic events capturing snowmelt and rain through salting seasons, c) evaluate the use of chloride/sodium ratios as a tool for linking sources to concentrations, and d) develop a conceptual framework for processes responsible for their environmental concentrations. Results show 1) the short-term and local impact of urban areas on chloride concentrations is clearly delineated, 2) concentration and ratio variations over the hydrographs differ during salting and post-salting periods, 3) chloride/sodium ratios do not clearly indicate a halite source and can be very high (>5) and this is interpreted to be due to the different environmental behaviors of the two ions, and 4) during salting periods, chloride and sodium are quickly removed from the landscape during first flush and diluted as event water begins to dominate, but in post salting periods, only chloride is diluted. We also find evidence for upwelling of brine in some locations. These two solutes are easily measured indicators of human influences on water quality and it is recommended that they routine be included in water quality assessments. However, we suggest more research is necessary to better understand their cycling on shorter time scales and then how this knowledge can be used to inform our understanding of other chemical cycles in the environment.

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“…A new cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the NHDES (Medalie, 2012) assessed chloride and sodium levels in groundwater in New Hampshire from the 1960s through 2011. The purpose of the study was to integrate all data on concentrations of chloride and sodium from groundwater in New Hampshire available from various Federal and State sources, including from the NHDES, the New Hamsphire Department of Health and Human Services, the USGS, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), for public and private (domestic) wells and to organize the data into a database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of the study was to integrate all data on concentrations of chloride and sodium from groundwater in New Hampshire available from various Federal and State sources, including from the NHDES, the New Hamsphire Department of Health and Human Services, the USGS, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), for public and private (domestic) wells and to organize the data into a database. Medalie (2012) explained the many assumptions and limitations of disparate data that were collected to meet wide-ranging objectives. This fact sheet summarizes the most important findings of the data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire from 1960 through 2011

Medalie¹

2013

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Temporal and spatial trends of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire, 1960–2011

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

The Distribution of Road Salt in Private Drinking Water Wells in a Southeastern New York Suburban Township

The Distribution of Road Salt in Private Drinking Water Wells in a Southeastern New York Suburban Township

Temporal and spatial patterns of Cl- and Na+ concentrations and Cl/Na ratios in salted urban watersheds

Concentrations of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire from 1960 through 2011

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