Temporal and spatial patterns of UV penetration in Lakes Michigan and Huron

Abiotic nitrous oxide formation driven by sunlight in fresh and marine waters

“…Overmans et al 40 calculated that there is still about 10 % of the surface UVB, UVA, and PAR radiation at depths between 6 -31 m (UVB), 15 -104 m (UVA), and 20 -110 m (PAR), in the oligotrophic ocean. 1% of the UV radiation penetrated from 2 to 4 m (305 nm, UVB), and between 11 and 22 m (395 nm, UVA) in Lake Michigan 41 , while the eutrophic zone (i.e., 1% of PAR) extended until 5 -14 m in the study reservoirs 42 . In mesoand eutrophic waters, sunlight attenuation occurs at shallower depths, although the likely higher availability of inorganic nitrogen in these regions may even overcompensate the total depth-integrated photoproduction rates (Fig.…”