Temporal and spatial patterns of mass flowerings on the Malay Peninsula

Numata, Shusuke; Yasuda, Masatoshi; Okuda, Toshinori; Kachi, Naoki; Noor, Nur Supandi Md.

doi:10.3732/ajb.90.7.1025

Cited by 80 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Wright et al (1999) attributed the seasonality of plant reproduction in the tropical forests of Panama to a shortage of assimilates during the rainy season when PAR is low, and Hamann (2004) reported that nearly all canopy tree species in a submontane rain forest (Philippines) flowered during the peak of solar irradiance. Numata et al (2003) showed that the flower induction of tropical canopy trees was triggered by prolonged drought, high solar radiation and abnormally low temperatures. They presumed that a drop in nocturnal air temperatures due to cloudlessness, and thus enhanced radiation emission, is the most plausible cue for a supraannual synchronisation of flowering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of weather and tree phenology in a tropical evergreen mountain rain forest

et al. 2006

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Flowering and fruiting as phenological events of 12 tree species in an evergreen tropical mountain rain forest in southern Ecuador were examined over a period of 3-4 years. Leaf shedding of two species was observed for 12 months. Parallel to the phenological recordings, meteorological parameters were monitored in detail and related to the flowering and fruiting activity of the trees. In spite of the perhumid climate of that area, a high degree of intra- and inter-specific synchronisation of phenological traits was apparent. With the exception of one species that flowered more or less continuously, two groups of trees could be observed, one of which flowered during the less humid months (September to October) while the second group started to initiate flowers towards the end of that phase and flowered during the heavy rains (April to July). As reflected by correlation coefficients, the all-time series of meteorological parameters showed a distinct seasonality of 8-12 months, apparently following the quasi-periodic oscillation of precipitation and related cloudiness. As revealed by power spectrum analysis and Markov persistence, rainfall and minimum temperature appear to be the only parameters with a periodicity free of long-term variations. The phenological events of most of the plant species showed a similar periodicity of 8-12 months, which followed the annual oscillation of relatively less and more humid periods and thus was in phase or in counter-phase with the oscillations of the meteorological parameters. Periods of unusual cold or dryness, presumably resulting from underlying longer-term trends or oscillations (such as ENSO), affected the homogeneity of quasi-12-month flowering events, fruit maturation and also the production of germinable seeds. Some species show underlying quasi-2-year-oscillations, for example that synchronise with the development of air temperature; others reveal an underlying decrease or increase in flowering activity over the observation period, influenced for instance by solar irradiance. As Ecuador suffers the highest rate of deforestation in South America, there is an urgent need for indigenous plant material for reforestation. A detailed knowledge of the biology of reproduction in relation to governing external factors (mainly climate) is thus required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of weather and tree phenology in a tropical evergreen mountain rain forest

et al. 2006

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“…Examples include 1997-1999 in Sarawak, Borneo (Sakai 2002), 2001-2002in Sabah, Borneo (Brearley et al 2007), 2001-2002 in Peninsular Malaysia (Numata et al 2003) and 2004-2005in Sarawak, Borneo (Kishimoto-Yamada & Itioka 2008. Fruiting in consecutive years would limit the potential to satiate seed predators if their populations were to build up between occurrences of masting (Sakai 2002).…”

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Abundance of insect seed predators and intensity of seed predation on Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) in two consecutive masting events in Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2011

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The family Dipterocarpaceae includes 470 tree species from 13 genera in South and South-East Asian tropical forests (Ashton 1982). Many dipterocarp species in aseasonal lowland rain forests of western Malesia flower synchronously during masting (or general flowering) events, which usually occur at irregular intervals of 2–10 y (Ashton et al. 1988). Very few individuals flower at other times, and successful recruitment of seedlings is limited to those masting events (Ashton et al. 1988, Curran et al. 1999).

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“…Masting occurs in trees in SE Asian tropical forests (Appanah 1993, Chan and Appanah 1980, Yasuda et al 1999, Numata et al 2003 as well as those in other biomes (Sork 1993. Several hypotheses concerning the adaptive significance of masting have been proposed in ecological and evolutionar y studies (Herrera et al 1998, Kelly 1994, Norton and Kelly 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic costs of masting for a Bornean rain forest tree species, Scaphium macropodum

Yamada

Suzuki

Zuidema

2012

Tropics

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Masting -the synchronous production of large fruit crops of conspecific trees among years -is a life history strategy in SE Asian tree species. While the reproductive biology of masting is relatively well described, the demographic consequences of masting are poorly understood. Theoretically, irregular production of seeds (masting) is less advantageous than annual fruiting for population growth, even if seed production is proportional to fruiting interval. This is related to the mortality risk between fruiting events, which needs to be compensated by a disproportional increase in seed production in order to maintain the same population growth. To assess the demographic costs of masting for Scaphium macropodum displaying masting behavior, population dynamics of this species in a tropical rain forest in West Kalimantan, Indonesia was studied using a stochastic matrix model. Our stochastic matrix model analyses of different fruiting frequencies revealed a long-term population growth rate of 1.002 for a situation in which fruiting occurs every 16 years. The average masting frequency in the region is higher than this frequency, and we therefore expect populations of our study species to be sustained. Stochastic elasticity analysis suggested that population growth rate was rather insensitive to the level and/or frequency of seed production while it was highly sensitive to adult survival. Stochastic population growth rates were barely reduced when fruiting intervals were prolonged and a proportional increase in seed output was simulated. Hence, if irregular reproduction is combined with increased seed output during fruiting events, the demographic costs of masting may be fully compensated.

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Temporal and spatial patterns of mass flowerings on the Malay Peninsula

Cited by 80 publications

References 19 publications

Seasonality of weather and tree phenology in a tropical evergreen mountain rain forest

Seasonality of weather and tree phenology in a tropical evergreen mountain rain forest

Abundance of insect seed predators and intensity of seed predation on Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) in two consecutive masting events in Peninsular Malaysia

Demographic costs of masting for a Bornean rain forest tree species, Scaphium macropodum

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