Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Canine Distemper Virus Cases in Wildlife Diagnosed at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 1975–2019

Taylor, Kishana; Wilson, Jonathan; Park, Andrew; Nemeth, Nicole M.; Yabsley, Michael J.; Fenton, Heather; Keel, M. Kevin; Gottdenker, Nicole

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-20-00212

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

2021

DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00212

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Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Canine Distemper Virus Cases in Wildlife Diagnosed at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 1975–2019

Kishana Taylor

Jonathan Wilson

Andrew Park

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Canine distemper virus (CDV), also known as Canine morbillivirus, is a multihost pathogen that causes significant infection in both wild carnivores and unvaccinated domestic animals globally (Kapil and Yeary 2011; Viana et al 2015; Pope et al 2016; Gilbert et al 2020; Taylor et al 2021). Taxonomically, CDV belongs to the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and genus Morbillivirus .…”

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Coinfection of Canine Distemper Virus and Rabies Virus in Wildlife Samples Submitted for Routine Rabies Testing

Moessner

Brunt

Diaz

et al. 2023

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Canine distemper virus (also known as Canine morbillivirus), the etiologic agent of canine distemper, is a highly contagious pathogen causing a multisystemic infection in carnivores globally. Canine distemper may be clinically indistinguishable from rabies, and outbreaks of either disease are major concerns. In the US, both diseases are endemic and managed by parenteral vaccination in domestic animals. In wildlife, oral vaccination and trap-vaccinate-release programs are available for rabies prevention, but no such strategies exist for canine distemper. We evaluated the prevalence at which canine distemper virus occurred concurrently in animals infected with rabies virus. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on specimens previously diagnosed with rabies during 2017–19 by the New York State Rabies Laboratory. Real-time qRT-PCR detected concurrent canine distemper virus infection in 73 of 1,302 animals with rabies virus. Coinfection rates were approximately 9% in Procyon lotor, 2% in Vulpes vulpes, and 0.4% in Mephitis mephitis, with an overall prevalence of 5.6%. As comorbidities in wildlife occur, laboratory-based surveillance and confirmatory testing are critical to rapid decision making for disease prevention. Rabies virus incursions are expensive and difficult to manage, and spillover events create health risks to humans and domestic animals as well as to free-roaming wildlife.

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“…Both CDV and RV may spread rapidly during breeding seasons, especially in suburban areas, where shelter and food are readily available (Taylor et al 2021). Since clinical signs of rabies and canine distemper may be similar, laboratory testing is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coinfection of Canine Distemper Virus and Rabies Virus in Wildlife Samples Submitted for Routine Rabies Testing

Moessner

Brunt

Diaz

et al. 2023

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…3,5,12,23,31,32 Gray foxes are a highly CDV-susceptible species, and vaccine-induced CDV has been reported. 17,33 Recombinant CDV vaccines are preferable for use in nondomestic carnivores. The specific type of vaccine used on this fox is unknown.…”

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Meningoencephalitis caused by concurrent infection with canine distemper virus and a unique Sarcocystis sp. in a gray fox

et al. 2023

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A deceased 9-wk-old male gray fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus) with a history of decreased ambulation and diarrhea was submitted to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. No significant gross findings were evident on postmortem examination. Histologically, the cerebrum and brainstem had mild necrotizing meningoencephalitis with protozoal schizonts and merozoites. Additionally, glial cells contained intracytoplasmic and intranuclear viral inclusion bodies. Sections of the cerebrum were positive for canine distemper virus (CDV) and negative for Sarcocystis neurona on immunohistochemistry. Bayesian analysis revealed that this Sarcocystis sp. clustered most closely with a clade of unnamed Sarcocystis sp. found in viperid snakes, with a posterior probability of 99%. CDV likely played a significant role in the expression of clinical sarcocystosis in this gray fox.

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Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Canine Distemper Virus Cases in Wildlife Diagnosed at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 1975–2019

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Coinfection of Canine Distemper Virus and Rabies Virus in Wildlife Samples Submitted for Routine Rabies Testing

Coinfection of Canine Distemper Virus and Rabies Virus in Wildlife Samples Submitted for Routine Rabies Testing

Meningoencephalitis caused by concurrent infection with canine distemper virus and a unique Sarcocystis sp. in a gray fox

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