Temporal and spatial expression patterns of biomineralization proteins during early development in the stony coral
            <i>Pocillopora damicornis</i>

Mass, Tali; Putnam, Hollie M.; Drake, Jeana L.; Zelzion, Ehud; Gates, Ruth D.; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Falkowski, Paul G.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0322

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Interestingly, we also observed increased expression of CARP1 (Spis6759), a main constituent of the OM. This gene has been shown to be important for mineral deposition 36 and is localized in the cells around the skeleton 37 . CARPs and analogous proteins can bind to collagen—the former serving as mineral nucleation points, while the latter providing structural support within the ECM.…”

Section: Supplementary Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenome-associated phenotypic acclimatization to ocean acidification in a reef-building coral

Liew

Zoccola

et al. 2017

Preprint

106

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Over the last century, the anthropogenic production of CO2 has led to warmer (+0.74 °C) and more acidic (-0.1 pH) oceans1, resulting in increasingly frequent and severe mass bleaching events worldwide that precipitate global coral reef decline2,3. To mitigate this decline, proposals to augment the stress tolerance of corals through genetic and non-genetic means have been gaining traction4. Work on model systems has shown that environmentally induced alterations in DNA methylation can lead to phenotypic acclimatization5,6. While DNA methylation has been observed in corals7-10, its potential role in phenotypic plasticity has not yet been described. Here, we show that, similar to findings in mice11, DNA methylation significantly reduces spurious transcription in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata, suggesting the evolutionary conservation of this essential mechanism in corals. Furthermore, we find that DNA methylation also reduces transcriptional noise by fine-tuning the expression of highly expressed genes. Analysis of DNA methylation patterns of corals subjected to long-term pH stress showed widespread changes in pathways regulating cell cycle and body size. Correspondingly, we found significant increases in cell and polyp sizes that resulted in more porous skeletons, supporting the maintenance of linear extension rates under conditions of reduced calcification. These findings suggest an epigenetic component in phenotypic acclimatization, providing corals with an additional mechanism to cope with climate change.

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Section: Supplementary Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenome-associated phenotypic acclimatization to ocean acidification in a reef-building coral

Liew

Zoccola

et al. 2017

Preprint

106

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“…Nevertheless, for different SOMPs present in different groups, proteomic-independent information is available, including, among others, galaxins (Reyes-Bermudez et al 2009) and carbonic anhydrases (Tambutté et al 2006;Le Goff et al 2016) . This also applies to aspartic acid-rich proteins, on which extensive research has been conducted (Mass et al 2013(Mass et al , 2016Von Euw et al 2017) . Thus the acidic proteins found in H. coerulea and T. musica could be potential key players in the formation of octocoral skeletons and represent interesting targets for future functional investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative proteomics of octocoral and scleractinian skeletomes and the evolution of coral calcification

Conci

Lehmann

Vargas

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Corals are ecosystem engineers of the coral reefs, one of the most biodiverse but severely threatened marine ecosystems. The ability of corals to form the three dimensional structure of reefs depends on the precipitation of calcium carbonate under biologically control. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this biologically controlled biomineralization remain to be fully unelucidated, for example whether corals employ a different molecular machinery for the deposition of different calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) polymorphs (i.e., aragonite or calcite). Here we used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to compare skeletogenic proteins, i.e., the proteins occluded in the skeleton of three octocoral and one scleractinian species: Tubipora musica and Sinularia cf. cruciata , both forming calcite sclerites, the blue coral Heliopora coerulea with an aragonitic rigid skeleton, and the scleractinian aragonitic Montipora digitata . We observed extremely low overlap between aragonitic and calcitic species, while a core set of proteins is shared between octocorals producing calcite sclerites.However, the same carbonic anhydrase (CruCA4) is employed for the formation of skeletons of both polymorphs. Similarities could also be observed between octocorals and scleractinians, including the presence of a galaxin-like protein.Additionally, as in scleractinians, some octocoral skeletogenic proteins, such as acidic proteins and scleritin, appear to have been secondarily co-opted for calcification and likely derive from proteins playing different extracellular functions. In H. coerulea, co-option was characterized by aspartic acid-enrichment of proteins. This work represents the first attempt to identify the molecular basis underlying coral skeleton polymorph diversity, providing several new research targets and enabling both future functional and evolutionary studies aimed at elucidating the origin and evolution of biomineralization in corals.

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“…Unlike other systems, the early life-history stages of reef-building corals may be relatively resilient to OA when compared to their adult counterparts. This may be because coral larvae do not actively undergo calcification processes; the expression of genes related to biomineralization increases upon settlement [161]. For example, there were greater changes in gene expression of adult P. damicornis under high pCO 2 , particularly of genes related to calcification processes [32], than of larval P. damicornis subjected to acute high pCO 2 exposures [33].…”

Section: Observation 5: Neural Functions and Behavior Are Modulated Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey

2020

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For nearly a decade, the metazoan-focused research community has explored the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, noting that changes in ocean chemistry can impact calcification, metabolism, acid-base regulation, stress response and behavior in organisms that hold high ecological and economic value. Because OA interacts with several key physiological processes in marine organisms, transcriptomics has become a widely-used method to characterize whole organism responses on a molecular level as well as inform mechanisms that explain changes in phenotypes observed in response to OA. In the past decade, there has been a notable rise in studies that examine transcriptomic responses to OA in marine metazoans, and here we attempt to summarize key findings across these studies. We find that organisms vary dramatically in their transcriptomic responses to pH although common patterns are often observed, including shifts in acid-base ion regulation, metabolic processes, calcification and stress response mechanisms. We also see a rise in transcriptomic studies examining organismal response to OA in a multi-stressor context, often reporting synergistic effects of OA and temperature. In addition, there is an increase in studies that use transcriptomics to examine the evolutionary potential of organisms to adapt to OA conditions in the future through population and transgenerational experiments. Overall, the literature reveals complex organismal responses to OA, in which some organisms will face more dramatic consequences than others. This will have wide-reaching impacts on ocean communities and ecosystems as a whole.

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Temporal and spatial expression patterns of biomineralization proteins during early development in the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis

Cited by 49 publications

References 52 publications

Epigenome-associated phenotypic acclimatization to ocean acidification in a reef-building coral

Epigenome-associated phenotypic acclimatization to ocean acidification in a reef-building coral

Comparative proteomics of octocoral and scleractinian skeletomes and the evolution of coral calcification

Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey

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