Temporal and spatial expression patterns of two G-protein coupled receptors inDrosophila melanogaster

Hannan, Frances; Hall, Linda M.

doi:10.1007/bf02336662

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…If tyramine, rather than octopamine, were an excitatory modulator, we would not expect the M18 flies to jump less far or generate less force, as they have higher levels of tyramine than the wild types. Jumping in Drosophila Although hono gene expression has previously only been found in the adult central nervous system (Arakawa et al, 1990;Saudou et al, 1990;Hannan and Hall, 1996;Kutsukake et al, 2000), our data indicate a role for hono in the adult peripheral nervous system, specifically at the TDT neuromuscular junction. An explanation for our observations of reductions in jumping distance and force in hono is that octopamine action at the neuromuscular junction is blocked.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Distance and force production during jumping in wild-type and mutantDrosophila melanogaster

Zumstein

Forman

Nongthomba

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY In many insects renowned for their jumping ability, elastic storage is used so that high forces can be developed prior to jumping. We have combined physiological, behavioural and genetic approaches to test whether elastic energy storage makes a major contribution to jumping in Drosophila. We describe a sensitive strain gauge setup, which measures the forces produced by tethered flies through their mesothoracic legs. The peak force produced by the main jumping muscle of female flies from a wild-type(Canton-S) strain is 101±4.4 μN [and this is indistinguishable from a second wild-type (Texas) strain]. The force takes 8.2 ms to reach its peak. The peak force is not affected significantly by altering the leg angle (femur–tibia joint angle) in the range of 75–120°, but the peak force declines as the leg is extended further. Measurements of jumping ability (distance jumped) showed that female Drosophila (with their wings removed) of two wild-type strains,Canton-S and Texas, produced jumps of 28.6±0.7 and 30.2±1.0 mm(mean ± s.e.m.). For a female wild-type Drosophila, a jump of 30 mm corresponds to a kinetic energy of 200 nJ on take-off (allowing 20% of the energy to overcome air resistance). We develop equations of motion for a linear force–time model of take-off and calculate that the time to take-off is 5.0 ms and the peak force should be 274 μN (137 μN leg–1). We predicted, from the role of octopamine in enhancing muscle tension in several locust muscles, that if stored elastic energy plays no part in force development, then genetic manipulation of the octopaminergic system would directly affect force production and jumping in Drosophila. Using two mutants deficient in the octopaminergic system, TbhnM18(M18) and TyrRhono (hono), we found significantly reduced jumping distances (20.7±0.7 and 20.7±0.4 mm, respectively) and force production (52% and 55%, respectively) compared with wild type. From the reduced distance and force production in M18, a mutant deficient in octopamine synthesis, and in hono, a tyramine/octopamine receptor mutant, we conclude that in Drosophila, as in locusts,octopamine modulates escape jumping. We conclude that the fly does not need to store large quantities of elastic energy in order to make its jump because (1)the measured and calculated forces agree to within 40% and (2) the reduction in distances jumped by the mutants correlates well with their reduction in measured peak force.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Distance and force production during jumping in wild-type and mutantDrosophila melanogaster

Zumstein

Forman

Nongthomba

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The remaining imaginal discs for the wings and appendages showed no expression of DmDopEcR. DmDopEcR appears to be diffusely expressed in the adult Drosophila CNS (data not shown), similar to other insect aminergic receptors (Hannan and Hall, 1986).…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Dmdopecrmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Whole-mount in situ hybridizations to wild-type Oregon R Drosophila melanogaster embryos and larvae were performed as described previously (Hannan and Hall, 1986), using the formaldehyde fixation procedure. RNA probes were prepared from a pBluescript SK II(ϩ) plasmid containing the full-length DmDopEcR receptor after linearization with BamHI (antisense) and XhoI (sense) and after gel purification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, Nongenomic Responses to Ecdysteroids and Catecholamines Mediated by a NovelDrosophilaG-Protein-Coupled Receptor

Srivastava¹,

Yu²,

Kennedy³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

221

214

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Nongenomic response pathways mediate many of the rapid actions of steroid hormones, but the mechanisms underlying such responses remain controversial. In some cases, cell-surface expression of classical nuclear steroid receptors has been suggested to mediate these effects, but, in a few instances, specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to be responsible. Here, we describe the activation of a novel, neuronally expressed Drosophila GPCR by the insect ecdysteroids ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). This is the first report of an identified insect GPCR interacting with steroids. The Drosophila melanogaster dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DmDopEcR) shows sequence homology with vertebrate ␤-adrenergic receptors and is activated by dopamine (DA) to increase cAMP levels and to activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Conversely, E and 20E show high affinity for the receptor in binding studies and can inhibit the effects of DA, as well as coupling the receptor to a rapid activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The receptor may thus represent the Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate "␥-adrenergic receptors," which are responsible for the modulation of various activities in brain, blood vessels, and pancreas. Thus, DmDopEcR can function as a cell-surface GPCR that may be responsible for some of the rapid, nongenomic actions of ecdysteroids, during both development and signaling in the mature adult nervous system.

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“…Tyramine receptor transcripts can be detected at early stages of insect development (Vanden Broeck et al, 1995;Hannan and Hall, 1996;Ohta et al, 2003) and repeated injection of tyramine into locust larvae is reported to delay ecdysis and reduce locust viability (Torfs et al, 2000). In the fruit fly, levels of tyramine receptor expression fluctuate during embryonic, larval, and pupal development (Hannan and Hall, 1996), and in the silkworm developmental changes in tyramine levels have also been identified (Hirashima et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the fruit fly, levels of tyramine receptor expression fluctuate during embryonic, larval, and pupal development (Hannan and Hall, 1996), and in the silkworm developmental changes in tyramine levels have also been identified (Hirashima et al, 1999). The honey bee tyramine receptor gene, Amtyr1, is widely expressed in the brain of the adult worker bee (Blenau et al, 2000), but whether it is expressed in the developing brain is unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental expression of a tyramine receptor gene in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Mustard

Kurshan

Hamilton

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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This study reveals that the tyramine receptor gene, Amtyr1, is expressed in the developing brain, as well as in the brain of the adult worker honey bee. Changes in levels of Amtyr1 expression were examined using Northern analysis. Age-related increases in Amtyr1 transcript levels were observed not only during metamorphic adult development, but also in the brain of the adult worker bee. RNA in situ hybridization revealed the pattern of Amtyr1 expression. Cell bodies staining intensely for tyramine receptor-gene transcript were observed throughout the somata rind, with well-defined clusters of cells associated with developing mushroom bodies, optic lobes, and antennal lobes of the brain. Staining for Amtyr1 transcript was particularly intense within the three major divisions of mushroom body intrinsic neurons (outer compact, noncompact, and inner compact cells), suggesting that Amtyr1 is highly expressed in these structures. Activation of AmTYR1 receptors heterologously expressed in insect (Spodoptera frugiperda) cells led to a reduction in intracellular levels of cAMP similar to that reported for AmTYR1 receptors expressed in mammalian (HEK 293) cells (Blenau et al. [2000] J Neurochem 74:900-908). Taken together, these results suggest that AmTYR1 receptors may play a role in the developing brain as well as in the brain of the adult worker bee. The actions of tyramine are likely to be mediated, at least in part, via the cAMP-signaling pathway.

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Temporal and spatial expression patterns of two G-protein coupled receptors inDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 23 publications

References 83 publications

Distance and force production during jumping in wild-type and mutantDrosophila melanogaster

Distance and force production during jumping in wild-type and mutantDrosophila melanogaster

Rapid, Nongenomic Responses to Ecdysteroids and Catecholamines Mediated by a NovelDrosophilaG-Protein-Coupled Receptor

Developmental expression of a tyramine receptor gene in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

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