Temporal and Spatial Expression of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase mRNA following Pollination of Immature and Mature Petunia Flowers

Tang, Xiaoyan; Woodson, William R.

doi:10.1104/pp.112.2.503

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In carnation, orchid, and petunia flowers, such pollination-induced ethylene production is associated with the expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes (Woodson et al, 1992;O'Neill et al, 1993;Tang and Woodson, 1996;O'Neill and Nadeau, 1997). However, the nature of pollen-pistil interactions leading to the expression of ACC synthase genes in floral organs is poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Genes Regulated by Primary and Secondary Pollination Signals in Orchid Flowers1

1998

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The temporal and spatial expression patterns of three 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes were investigated in pollinated orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.) flowers. Pollination signals initiate a cascade of development events in multiple floral organs, including the induction of ethylene biosynthesis, which coordinates several postpollination developmental responses. The initiation and propagation of ethylene biosynthesis is regulated by the coordinated expression of three distinct ACC synthase genes in orchid flowers. One ACC synthase gene (Phal-ACS1) is regulated by ethylene and participates in amplification and interorgan transmission of the pollination signal, as we have previously described in a related orchid genus. Two additional ACC synthase genes (Phal-ACS2 and Phal-ACS3) are expressed primarily in the stigma and ovary of pollinated orchid flowers. Phal-ACS2 mRNA accumulated in the stigma within 1 h after pollination, whereas Phal-ACS1 mRNA was not detected until 6 h after pollination. Similar to the expression of Phal-ACS2, the Phal-ACS3 gene was expressed within 2 h after pollination in the ovary. Exogenous application of auxin, but not ACC, mimicked pollination by stimulating a rapid increase in ACC synthase activity in the stigma and ovary and inducing Phal-ACS2 and Phal-ACS3 mRNA accumulation in the stigma and ovary, respectively. These results provide the basis for an expanded model of interorgan regulation of three ACC synthase genes that respond to both primary (Phal-ACS2 and Phal-ACS3) and secondary (Phal-ACS1) pollination signals.Pollination of flowers is a key regulatory event in plant reproduction. In many flowers pollination causes an initial, dramatic increase in ethylene production in the stigma and style and a subsequent increase in ethylene production by other floral organs. Moreover, ethylene has been shown to play a regulatory role in postpollination developmental events (Larsen et al

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Genes Regulated by Primary and Secondary Pollination Signals in Orchid Flowers1

1998

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“…These results suggest that a decrease of PhEIN2 mRNA in the petal tube is sufficient to delay flower senescence, and a decrease in the petal limb gives additional longevity to flowers. It has been suggested that the ethylene produced from pistils triggers ethylene production in petals after pollination (Tang and Woodson, 1996). Ethylene perception in the petal tube appears to be essential for the subsequent induction of petal senescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that ethylene induces flower senescence in petunia (Gilissen and Hoekstra, 1984;Tang and Woodson, 1996), and reduced ethylene sensitivity results in a significant delay in flower senescence after ethylene treatment and pollination in etr-44568 petunia (Wilkinson et al, 1997; Table I). The PhEIN2 transgenic plants showed a significant delay in flower senescence in the T0 and T1 progeny after ethylene treatment and pollination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Senescence of petunia flowers is accelerated by exogenous ethylene treatment or pollination through an induction of autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis (Gilissen and Hoekstra, 1984;Tang and Woodson, 1996). Previously ethylene-insensitive etr-44568 petunia plants were shown to have significant delays in flower senescence (Wilkinson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Flower Longevity and Fruit Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Central Role of PhEIN2 in Ethylene Responses throughout Plant Development in Petunia

et al. 2004

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The plant hormone ethylene regulates many aspects of growth and development. Loss-of-function mutations in ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) result in ethylene insensitivity in Arabidopsis, indicating an essential role of EIN2 in ethylene signaling. However, little is known about the role of EIN2 in species other than Arabidopsis. To gain a better understanding of EIN2, a petunia (Petunia 3 hybrida cv Mitchell Diploid [MD]) homolog of the Arabidopsis EIN2 gene (PhEIN2) was isolated, and the role of PhEIN2 was analyzed in a wide range of plant responses to ethylene, many that do not occur in Arabidopsis. PhEIN2 mRNA was present at varying levels in tissues examined, and the PhEIN2 expression decreased after ethylene treatment in petals. These results indicate that expression of PhEIN2 mRNA is spatially and temporally regulated in petunia during plant development. Transgenic petunia plants with reduced PhEIN2 expression were compared to wild-type MD and ethylene-insensitive petunia plants expressing the Arabidopsis etr1-1 gene for several physiological processes. Both PhEIN2 and etr1-1 transgenic plants exhibited significant delays in flower senescence and fruit ripening, inhibited adventitious root and seedling root hair formation, premature death, and increased hypocotyl length in seedling ethylene response assays compared to MD. Moderate or strong levels of reduction in ethylene sensitivity were achieved with expression of both etr1-1 and PhEIN2 transgenes, as measured by downstream expression of PhEIL1. These results demonstrate that PhEIN2 mediates ethylene signals in a wide range of physiological processes and also indicate the central role of EIN2 in ethylene signal transduction.The plant hormone ethylene is involved in a wide range of developmental processes in many plant species (Abeles et al., 1992). In Arabidopsis, ethylene signaling is mediated by a complex multicomponent pathway (Kieber, 1997;Guo and Ecker, 2004). ETR1, which encodes a His kinase with homology to bacterial two-component regulators, has been identified as an ethylene receptor (Chang et al., 1993). A total of five ethylene receptor genes have been cloned from Arabidopsis; ETR1, ETR2, ERS1, ERS2, and EIN4 (Hua et al., 1995Sakai et al., 1998). Analysis of loss-offunction mutations in multiple receptors has shown that the receptors are negative regulators of ethylene responses (Hua and Meyerowitz, 1998). The receptors are believed to act through CTR1, which is homologous to the Raf family of Ser/Thr kinases and negatively regulates ethylene signaling (Kieber et al., 1993;Huang et al., 2003). Multiple EIN3/EIL (EIN3-like) transcription factors have also been identified in Arabidopsis (Chao et al., 1997). The EIN3 family contains several proteins that bind an ethylene response element in the promoter of a downstream transcription factor, ERF1 (Solano et al., 1998).An additional component of the ethylene-signaling pathway, EIN2, was isolated from Arabidopsis (Alonso et al., 1999). EIN2 is a single-copy gene and is the only gene known in which loss...

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“…The involvement of positive feedback regulation in ethylene biosynthesis has been elucidated at the molecular level for ACC synthase and/or ACC oxidase in plants such as carnation (Jones andWoodson, 1997), orchid (O'Neill et al, 1993), and petunia (Tang and Woodson, 1996) flowers and mung bean (Kim and Yang, 1994) and pea (Peck and Kende, 1995) seedlings. The negative feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis at the molecular level has been reported in winter squash fruit (Nakajima et al, 1990), mung bean seedlings Yoon et al, 1997), transgenic petunia flowers (Wilkinson et al, 1997), and leaves of the tomato cv Never ripe (Lund et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Expression and Internal Feedback Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase, and Ethylene Receptor Genes in Tomato Fruit during Development and Ripening

et al. 1998

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We investigated the feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit with respect to the transition from system 1 to system 2 ethylene production. The abundance of LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, and NR mRNAs increased in the ripening fruit concomitant with a burst in ethylene production. These increases in mRNAs with ripening were prevented to a large extent by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor. Transcripts for the LE-ACS6 gene, which accumulated in preclimacteric fruit but not in untreated ripening fruit, did accumulate in ripening fruit treated with MCP. Treatment of young fruit with propylene prevented the accumulation of transcripts for this gene. LE-ACS1A, LE-ACS3, and TAE1 genes were expressed constitutively in the fruit throughout development and ripening irrespective of whether the fruit was treated with MCP or propylene. The transcripts for LE-ACO1 and LE-ACO4 genes already existed in preclimacteric fruit and increased greatly when ripening commenced. These increases in LE-ACO mRNA with ripening were also prevented by treatment with MCP. The results suggest that in tomato fruit the preclimacteric system 1 ethylene is possibly mediated via constitutively expressed LE-ACS1A and LE-ACS3 and negatively feedback-regulated LE-ACS6 genes with preexisting LE-ACO1 and LE-ACO4 mRNAs. At the onset of the climacteric stage, it shifts to system 2 ethylene, with a large accumulation of LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, LE-ACO1, and LE-ACO4 mRNAs as a result of a positive feedback regulation. This transition from system 1 to system 2 ethylene production might be related to the accumulated level of NR mRNA.

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Temporal and Spatial Expression of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase mRNA following Pollination of Immature and Mature Petunia Flowers

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

Three 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Genes Regulated by Primary and Secondary Pollination Signals in Orchid Flowers1

Three 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Genes Regulated by Primary and Secondary Pollination Signals in Orchid Flowers1

The Central Role of PhEIN2 in Ethylene Responses throughout Plant Development in Petunia

Differential Expression and Internal Feedback Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase, and Ethylene Receptor Genes in Tomato Fruit during Development and Ripening

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