Temporal and spatial distributions of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide in seawater and marine atmosphere of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea

Abstract

Carbonyl sulfide (COS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations were determined in seawater and the overlying atmosphere of the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent area during two cruises from 22 February 2016 to 15 March 2016 and from 03 July 2016 to 25 July 2016. The concentration ranges of COS, DMS, and CS2 in seawater during winter were 121–388 pmol L−1, 0.321–1.59 nmol L−1, and 10.3–46.8 pmol L−1, respectively, and those during summer were 98–346 pmol L−1, 0.397–9.13 nmol L−1, and 13.3–65.4 pmol L−1. The DMS concentration in surface seawater varied seasonally, whereas the COS and CS2 concentrations varied little. The atmospheric mixing ratios of COS, DMS, and CS2 were 459–777 pptv, 5.2–96.8 pptv, and 96.9–164 pptv during winter and 417–644 pptv, 133–365 pptv, and 15.8–89.8 pptv during summer, respectively. A correlation analysis revealed that COS concentration was related to the concentrations of DMS and CS2. The estimated fluxes of COS, DMS, and CS2 were in the range of 1.19–2.06 μg m−2 d−1, 15.11–164.81 μg m−2 d−1, and 0.27‐1.32 μg m−2 d−1 during winter and 0.61–0.97 μg m−2 d−1, 71.76–2511 μg m−2 d−1, and 0.38–1.47 μg m−2 d−1 during summer, respectively. These results indicate that the study area is a sink for COS, but served as a source of atmospheric DMS and CS2 during the study period.

Constraining the atmospheric OCS budget from sulfur isotopes

“…1E), although the [OCS] in Miyakojima was slightly higher. The high [OCS] observed in Miyakojima was consistent with the observation of [OCS] in Changjiang Estuary located in eastern China, with high [OCS] of 459 to 777 pmol mol −1 in wintertime and 417 to 644 pmol mol −1 in summer (23). The range of [OCS] in Otaru and Yokohama showed good agreement with earlier observations made at the same latitude (2), which also exhibited a seasonal pattern of high [OCS] in winter and low [OCS] in summer.…”

“…However, differences between S(OCS) of (10.5 0.4)‰ at Yokohama and S(OCS) of (13.2 0.6)‰ obtained in Israel and the Canary Islands indicate that the atmospheric S(OCS) values might not always be constant ( 21 ). In addition, several observations have shown variations in [OCS], such as terrestrial seasonality ( 2 ) and high level of [OCS] spatially distributed in the boreal summer above the Indo-Pacific region ( 22 ) or downwind of air masses from continental China ( 23 ). These findings lead us to hypothesize that atmospheric S(OCS) also varies, yielding potentially valuable information about its sources and sinks.…”

Spatial Distribution and Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds and Methane in the East China Sea During Spring

“…All air samples were analyzed within two weeks after returning to the shore laboratory, using a preconcentrator system (Nutech 8900DS) coupled with a GC‐mass selective detector (MS; Agilent 7890A/5975C; Khan et al, ; Zhu et al, ). The preconcentrator system has a three‐step trapping procedure for removing water vapor and CO 2 from the air sample (J. L. Li et al, ).…”

Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea

“…In summer, low salinity and large amounts of sediment and nutrients in CJDW can affect the growth and reproduction of phytoplankton. The offshore branch of the TWWC extends toward the northwest near the CJE and may affect the structure of temperature (T) and salinity (S), as well as water stratification, the upwelling water, and nutrient composition, thereby influencing the biodiversity and distribution of phytoplankton in the area; even the incidence of harmful algal blooms may be affected by the CJDW and TWWC [34,36,37,38,39]. According to statistics, up until 2017, over 700 red tide outbreaks occurred in this area [40].…”