Temporal and spatial characteristics of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea during 1952–2014

Song, Nan-qi; Wang, Nuo; Lu, Yinghua; Zhang, Jian-ru

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.04.006

Cited by 77 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…(a) Average total days and (b) duration of marine heatwaves in the Bohai Sea overlay with the harmful algal blooms. Harmful algal bloom data were obtained from Song et al, . (c) The temporal changes of total days (days), duration (days), frequency, and mean intensity (°C) in the years with and without red tide occurrences in the Bohai Sea during 1982–2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Heatwaves in China's Marginal Seas and Adjacent Offshore Waters: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2020

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Under the combined impacts of natural changes and human activities, the past, current, and future marine heatwaves (MHWs) in China's marginal seas and adjacent offshore waters (CMSOW) need a comprehensive understanding. This study provides a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal variations using daily sea surface temperature data and simulates the future trend using 12 climate models. During 1982–2018, the mean annual total days, duration, frequency, and mean intensity of the MHWs in the CMSOW increased by 20–30 days/decade, 5–9 days/decade, 1–2 decade−1, and 0.1–0.3°C/decade, respectively (p <0.01). The maximum sea surface temperature anomalies in the Bohai Sea was over 6–8°C, and the MHW's frequency, duration, and mean intensity were higher than twice the global average, which could have impacted fishery resources and occurrence of harmful algal blooms. The variations of the MHWs in the CMSOW result from the robust ocean surface warming, which is caused by increased solar radiation due to reduced cloud cover, reduced ocean heat loss from weaker wind speed, weakening but warmer Kuroshio, and strong El Niño. In the future, the areas with longer total days and duration will increase; the spatial pattern of frequency has a negative relationship with that of duration while that of mean intensity is mostly unchanged. Year 2040 is a key node for the future changes of MHW under different Representative Concentration Pathways. The trend of total days increases from fast to slow, and frequency shows an opposite trend; the duration and mean intensity rise faster after 2040.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Heatwaves in China's Marginal Seas and Adjacent Offshore Waters: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2020

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“…As a consequence of these changes, the frequency of algae blooms in the Bohai Sea sharply increased since 1999 (Song et al, ). The recent occurrence of DO shortage in the central Bohai Sea (Figure ) was likely associated with this change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Summertime Hypoxia and Concurrent Carbonate Mineral Suppression in the Central Bohai Sea, China

Zhai

Zhao

et al. 2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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The Bohai Sea to the west of the North Yellow Sea in the Northwest Pacific is a semienclosed shallow‐water marginal sea on a critical path of eutrophication and environmental degradation. To better understand the Bohai Sea metabolism‐induced summertime dissolved oxygen (DO) decline and acidification, eight field surveys were conducted between August 2011 and September 2017, investigating seasonal and interannual variations in DO and carbonate system parameters in the central Bohai Sea. The historically lowest Bohai Sea DO was recorded at 66 μmol O2/kg in subsurface waters in early September 2015. By comparing our data set with literature data obtained in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, the emergence history of summertime hypoxia in this marginal sea was shown. Associated with the seasonal DO shortage, the metabolism‐enhanced CO2 accumulation in subsurface waters in summer resulted in critical aragonite saturation states of close to or even less than 1.5, threatening calcifiers with potentially severe consequences for valuable shellfish fisheries. Based on model results combining the aerobic respiration (as indicated by apparent oxygen utilization) and the given wintertime/springtime atmospheric CO2 level of the time, this study suggests that combined stresses of the seasonal DO shortage and CO2 acidification capable of threatening Bohai Sea ecosystems could develop within decades.

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“…There has been a regime shift of the phytoplankton community structure across the globe, with the nutrient regime changing due to human activities (Andersen et al, 2009; Penuelas et al, 2013). For instance, the Bohai Sea changed from diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros , Coscinodiscus ) to diatoms combined with dinoflagellates (e.g., Paralia sulcate , Thalassionema , Tripos ) with the increase in nitrogen and decrease in phosphorus since the 1980s (Luan et al, 2018; Song et al, 2016; Xin et al, 2019); the Black Sea, changed from small diatoms (e.g., Pseudo‐nitzschia , same as N. closterium ) with a “rapid growth strategy” in the ambient abundant nutrients in spring, to coccolithophorids (e.g., Emiliania huxhleyi ) with an “affinity growth strategy” in the ambient low N and high P conditions in late spring and early summer, and then to large diatoms with a “storage growth strategy” (e.g., Pseudosolenia calcar‐avis , same as L. danicus ) when the nutrients deplete in the summer and autumn (Silkin et al, 2019). Thus, controlling the land‐based load of nitrogen and maintaining the balance of nutrient regimes are necessary to the health of the coastal ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been a regime shift of the phytoplankton community structure across the globe, with the nutrient regime changing due to human activities (Andersen et al, 2009;Penuelas et al, 2013). For instance, the Bohai Sea changed from diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus) to diatoms combined with dinoflagellates (e.g., Paralia sulcate, Thalassionema, Tripos) with the increase in nitrogen and decrease in phosphorus since the 1980s (Luan et al, 2018;Song et al, 2016;Xin et al, 2019); the Black Sea, changed from small diatoms (e.g., Pseudo-nitzschia, same as N. closterium) with a "rapid ), k s = half-saturation coefficients of nutrient (μmol N/L), k G = maximum phytoplankton growth rate (hr −1 ), and k D = maximum death rate (hr −1 ); subscript N, A, IN, and OA indicate nitrate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and dissolved organic nitrogen, respectively, and subscript NO 3 , NH 4 , DIN, and CO (NH 2 ) 2 indicate nitrate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and urea, respectively.…”

Section: 1029/2020jg005643mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1980s, high‐strength anthropogenic activities, including urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural land use, have resulted in excessive nitrogen discharge. This has caused serious ecological and environmental problems, such as eutrophication (Lin et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2009; Xin et al, 2019), harmful algal and jellyfish blooms (Dong et al, 2010; Song et al, 2016), and a decrease in the species diversity (Jin et al, 2013; Jin & Tang, 1998) in the Bohai Sea. Nitrogen and phosphate are considered as the eutrophication elements linked to the harmful algal blooms in the coastal waters (Davidson et al, 2014; Glibert & Burford, 2017; Glibert et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ambient Nitrogen on the Growth of Phytoplankton in the Bohai Sea: Kinetics and Parameters

et al. 2020

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Changes in nitrogen forms and levels affect biogeochemical processes, but little is known about the quantitative effect of ambient nitrogen on phytoplankton growth in biogeochemical kinetics. Based on a new experimental data analysis method, we investigated the phytoplankton growth and nitrogen uptake processes of typical phytoplankton subjected to different nitrogen forms in the Bohai Sea. We employed a nonlinear differential model to fit the kinetic processes of phytoplankton growth, death, and nutrient uptake considering multiple equations and parameters. The maximum nitrogen uptake rate (k up), half-saturation coefficient (k s), and maximum phytoplankton growth rate (k G) were obtained based on the multivariate nonlinear differential mothed. The k up and k s were related with k G for different ambient nitrogen forms (urea, ammonium, and nitrate) in the N sufficiency experiment group I (SGI) treatment, showing that phytoplankton grew faster in the presence of ammonium and nitrate than in the presence of urea, owing to quicker nitrogen uptake rate. The k up , k s , and k G in the N-Starvation experiment group II (SGII) treatment were lower than that in the SGI treatment, indicating higher nutrient affinity of phytoplankton at lower nitrogen concentrations. Hence, we can infer that eutrophic algae such as Nitzschia closterium may easily become the dominant species in the SGI treatment with abundant nitrogen supply and high k G , k up , and k s. In contrast, oligotrophic algae such as Leptocylindrus danicus and Asterionellopsis glacialis may easily become the dominant species in the SGI or SGII treatments with an insufficient supply of ambient nitrogen and low k G , k up , and k s. Plain Language Summary The ecosystem is vulnerable in coastal waters, suffering by human activities associated with anthropogenic nutrients, such as harmful algae bloom. The forms and levels of nutrients affect phytoplankton growth, while little is known about the biogeochemical kinetics. We investigated the phytoplankton growth and nitrogen uptake kinetics of typical phytoplankton subjected to different nitrogen forms (e.g., urea, ammonium, and nitrate) in the Bohai Sea. We proposed a multivariate nonlinear differential fitting method to analyze ecological experimental data, considering multiple kinetic equations and parameters of phytoplankton growth, death, and nutrient uptake. Based on the in situ batch culture experiment, the phytoplankton grew faster in ambient ammonium and nitrate than in ambient urea in the N sufficiency experiment group conditions, whereas, they grew and acquired nutrient significantly lower in the N starvation experiment group conditions. The phytoplankton domain community was different in different ambient nitrogen forms and levels, where eutrophic algae such as Nitzschia closterium might easily become the dominant species in the N sufficiency treatment with abundant nitrogen supply, whereas, oligotrophic algae such as Leptocylindrus danicus and Asterionellopsis glacialis might easily become the dominant spe...

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Temporal and spatial characteristics of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea during 1952–2014

Cited by 77 publications

References 17 publications

Marine Heatwaves in China's Marginal Seas and Adjacent Offshore Waters: Past, Present, and Future

Marine Heatwaves in China's Marginal Seas and Adjacent Offshore Waters: Past, Present, and Future

Emergence of Summertime Hypoxia and Concurrent Carbonate Mineral Suppression in the Central Bohai Sea, China

Effect of Ambient Nitrogen on the Growth of Phytoplankton in the Bohai Sea: Kinetics and Parameters

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