Temporal and spatial chaos in the Kerr-AdS black hole in an extended phase space *

Abstract

Based on the Melnikov method, we investigate chaotic behaviors in the extended thermodynamic phase space for a slowly rotating Kerr-AdS black hole under temporal and spatial perturbations. Our results show that the temporal perturbation coming from a thermal quench of the spinodal region in the phase diagram may cause temporal chaos only when the perturbation amplitude is above a critical value, which involves the angular momentum J. Under the spatial perturbation, however, it is found that spatial chaos always occurs, independent of the perturbation amplitude.

The Distinction between Finite and Nonfinite Verbs in Mandarin Chinese

“…C.-C. J. Tang (1990) proposed 8 criteria to distinguish finiteness from no finiteness: the first three criteria are similar with Huang and Li's proposal. The others are the interpretation of "wh-" word: finite clauses with "wh-" questions can be interpreted as both direct and indirect questions, while non-finite clauses with "wh-" can only be interpreted as direct questions; only verbs in finite clauses can be in the form of V-not-V; "shi" (be) can only be added to finite clauses, not to non-finite clauses; the constraint on the occurrence of certain "wh-" words; local topicalization of the object is not allowed in non-finite clauses but acceptable in finite clauses.…”

“…Huang, 1982Huang, , 1989Y.-H. A. Li, 1985Y.-H. A. Li, , 1990Shi, 2001;Tan, 1995;Song, 2000;D. Wang, 2010;C.-C. J. Tang, 1990;Xing Y.-H. A., 2004;Hu, 1997;Li & Liu, 2005; S. W. Tang & Lee, 2000;Tsai, 2006;Gu, 2007;Fang & Zhao, 2008;Her, 2008;Y. Yang & Tsai, 2011;Guo, 2012;T.-H. J. Lin, 2012;B.…”

“…a. research on criteria of distinguishing finite verbs from non-finite verbs (e.g., C.-T. J. Huang, 1982Huang, , 1989Y.-H. A. Li, 1985Y.-H. A. Li, , 1990Tang, 1990;Tan, 1995;Shi, 2001;Xing, 2004;J. Li & Liu, 2005; T.-H. J.…”

Relative measurement and scope in Mandarin

“…Positing Meas between the proportional number expression and the NP is similar to a proposal by Kayne (2005), who posits a null functional morpheme NUMBER in this position. In addition, it sides with Tang (1990), who argues that a number expression and another function item like a classifier can form a complex functional head. Moreover, following Tsai (2011), de is treated as a clitic.…”