Temporal and organ-specific detection of cNMPs including cUMP in the zebrafish

Metabolic Profiling of Water-Soluble Compounds from the Extracts of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi (DSE) Isolated from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings Using UPLC–Orbitrap–MS

“…The absorption maximum in our study was, however, broader and continued until 300 nm, which is likely caused by other compounds eluting simultaneously. Cyclic nucleotides are used as signaling metabolites in almost all organisms and they regulate a vast number of cellular processes [59,60,61,62]. The presence of the main fragment ion at m/z 152.1 was also detected with cGMP as reported in the literature [59].…”

Recent progress in the field of cIMP research

“…In addition, several organs from zebrafish, i.e., eyes, heart and testes, contain cIMP (Dittmar et al, 2015). As a cautionary note, in these two studies, the identity of cIMP was not unequivocally confirmed by HPLC-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the low abundance of cIMP and the relatively low sensitivity of timeof-flight mass spectrometry being limiting factors Dittmar et al, 2015). Clearly, these lacking data on cIMP must be provided.…”

“…Specifically in rat kidney and rat liver, low levels of cIMP were detected using sensitive and specific mass spectrometry methods (Jia et al, 2014). In addition, several organs from zebrafish, i.e., eyes, heart and testes, contain cIMP (Dittmar et al, 2015). As a cautionary note, in these two studies, the identity of cIMP was not unequivocally confirmed by HPLC-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the low abundance of cIMP and the relatively low sensitivity of timeof-flight mass spectrometry being limiting factors Dittmar et al, 2015).…”

“…The available evidence suggests that the occurrence and the effects of cIMP may be species-specific (Jia et al, 2014;Dittmar et al, 2015;Detremmerie et al, 2016). Thus, numerous species beyond rat, mouse, rat, and human should be studied.…”

Data_Sheet_1.PDF

“…• Cyanobacteria (Cadoret et al, 2005) • α-proteobacteria (Marden et al, 2011) • γ-proteobacteria (An et al, 2013) • UV-stress adaption (Cadoret et al, 2005) • Cyst formation (Marden et al, 2011) • Biofilm and virulence (An et al, 2013) 3 ,5 -cCMP 3 ,5 -cUMP Using modern mass spectrometry detected in various mammalian cell lines and different organs (Burhenne et al, 2011;Bähre et al, 2015). Additionally also found in zebrafish (Dittmar et al, 2015) and cUMP in a plant (Hartwig et al, 2014) • In general functions are currently mostly unknown (Seifert, 2017) • Both can activate some cAMP/cGMP effectors in vitro (Wolter et al, 2011;Zong et al, 2012) • cCMP potentially involved in processes such as tissue development and cell proliferation, immune responses modulation and platelet aggregation (Bloch et al, 1974;Anderson, 1982;Desch et al, 2010) • Specific cytidylate and uridylate cyclases just recently discovered in species of various phyla (Tal et al, 2021) • Synthesis stimulated by phage infection; activate downstream defense mechanisms (Tal et al, 2021) • Bacterial toxins [e.g., ExoY from P. aeruginosa (Beckert et al, 2014), CyaA from Bordetella pertussis (Göttle et al, 2010), edema factor from Bacillus anthracis (Göttle et al, 2010)] have been demonstrated to be capable of forming cCMP and cUMP 3 ,5 -cIMP Identified in isolated porcine coronary arteries (Chen et al, 2014) • In general functions are currently mostly unknown (Leung et al, 2015) • Involved in hypoxia−induced constriction of porcine coronary arteries (Chen et al, 2014;Nan et al, 2020) • Only very few data available • Detected in Corynebacterium murisepticum (Newton et al, 1998); specificity of the used method is however questioned (Seifert, 2015) 3 ,5 -cTMP 3 ,5 -cXMP Not yet detected in any biological samples using modern and sensitive mass spectrometry techniques…”