Temporal and geographic distribution of weather conditions favorable to airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease in the coterminous United States

Hagerman, Amy D.; South, David D.; Sondgerath, Travis C.; Patyk, Kelly A.; Sanson, R.L.; Schumacher, Russ S.; Delgado, Amy H.; Magzamen, Sheryl

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.10.016

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Without such transmission, only the index home-pen section was affected producing a shorter outbreak while the other home-pens sections remained uninfected. Hagerman et al (62) showed that weather conditions are permissive of airborne FMDv spread in parts of the U.S. with significant beef cattle populations. However, no data is available on the expected intensity of the spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simulation study by Donaldson and Alexandersen (63) showed a 100 infected cattle at a source would be enough for the virus to travel up to 1 km and infect a susceptible host which might suggest that within a medium to large beef feedlot, airborne transmission by itself can be responsible to the FMDv spread to the entire population. The airborne transmission might play a large role also for FMD spread between U.S. beef feedlots, because of the concentration of cattle farms within defined geographical areas, such as the Central United States where the majority of cattle is concentrated (62,64). Environmental conditions however severely impact the airborne FMDv survival and transmission, and in turn depend on factors, such as seasonality and geographical location of the feedlot within the country (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The airborne transmission might play a large role also for FMD spread between U.S. beef feedlots, because of the concentration of cattle farms within defined geographical areas, such as the Central United States where the majority of cattle is concentrated (62,64). Environmental conditions however severely impact the airborne FMDv survival and transmission, and in turn depend on factors, such as seasonality and geographical location of the feedlot within the country (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-Population Model of Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission, Clinical Manifestation, and Detection Within U.S. Beef Feedlots

2020

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has not been reported in the U.S. since 1929. Recent outbreaks in previously FMD-free countries raise concerns about potential FMD introductions in the U.S. Mathematical modeling is the only tool for simulating infectious disease outbreaks in non-endemic territories. In the majority of prior studies, FMD virus (FMDv) transmission on-farm was modeled assuming homogenous animal mixing. This assumption is implausible for U.S. beef feedlots which are divided into multiple home-pens without contact between home-pens except fence line with contiguous home-pens and limited mixing in hospital pens. To project FMDv transmission and clinical manifestation in a feedlot, we developed a meta-population stochastic model reflecting the contact structure. Within a home-pen, the dynamics were represented assuming homogenous animal mixing by a modified SLIR (susceptible-latent-infectious-recovered) model with four additional compartments tracing cattle with subclinical or clinical FMD and infectious status. Virus transmission among home-pens occurred via cattle mixing in hospital-pen(s), cowboy pen rider movements between home-pens, airborne, and for contiguous home-pens fence-line and via shared water-troughs. We modeled feedlots with a one-time capacity of 4,000 (small), 12,000 (medium), and 24,000 (large) cattle. Common cattle demographics, feedlot layout, endemic infectious and non-infectious disease occurrence, and production management were reflected. Projected FMD-outbreak duration on a feedlot ranged from 49 to 82 days. Outbreak peak day (with maximum number of FMD clinical cattle) ranged from 24 (small) to 49 (large feedlot). Detection day was 4-12 post-FMD-introduction with projected 28, 9, or 4% of cattle already infected in a small, medium, or large feedlot, respectively. Depletion of susceptible cattle in a feedlot occurred by day 23-51 post-FMD-introduction. Parameter-value sensitivity analyses were performed for model outputs. Detection occurred sooner if there was a higher initial proportion of latent animals in the index home-pen. Shorter outbreaks were associated with a shorter latent period and higher bovine respiratory disease Cabezas et al. FMD Transmission in Beef Feedlots morbidity (impacting the in-hospital-pen cattle mixing occurrence). This first model of potential FMD dynamics on U.S. beef feedlots shows the importance of capturing within-feedlot cattle contact structure for projecting infectious disease dynamics. Our model provides a tool for evaluating FMD outbreak control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-Population Model of Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission, Clinical Manifestation, and Detection Within U.S. Beef Feedlots

2020

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“…In rooms with cats and dogs, the abundance of 24 and 56 species of bacterial flora increased significantly, respectively (Barberan et al, 2015b). An increasing number of studies indicate that some animals could spread diseases to other animals or human beings through bioaerosols (Alves et al, 2010;Han et al, 2015;Hagerman et al, 2018;Bui et al, 2019). For instance, bats are considered as the natural reservoirs of viruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, NiV, HeV, Ebola virus, and Marburg viruses.…”

Section: Natural Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viruses released by the bats spread through aerosols, causing diseases in intermediate hosts (horses, pigs, civets, or nonhuman primates) and later humans, or directly causing human infection (Han et al, 2015). Diseases from other animals, such as bird flu and foot-and-mouth disease, can also spread through aerosols, causing human illnesses and resulting in major public safety incidents (Hagerman et al, 2018;Bui et al, 2019).…”

Section: Natural Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

Xie

Bai

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Recent pandemic outbreak of the corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised widespread concerns about the importance of the bioaerosols. They are atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origins, mainly including bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and cell debris. Bioaerosols can exert a substantial impact on ecosystems, climate change, air quality, and public health. Here, we review several relevant topics on bioaerosols, including sampling and detection techniques, characterization, effects on health and air quality, and control methods. However, very few studies have focused on the source apportionment and transport of bioaerosols. The knowledge of the sources and transport pathways of bioaerosols is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role microorganisms play in the atmosphere and control the spread of epidemic diseases associated with them. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the up to date progress on the source characteristics, source identification, and diffusion and transport process of bioaerosols. We intercompare three types of diffusion and transport models, with a special emphasis on a widely used mathematical model. This review also highlights the main factors affecting the source emission and transport process, such as biogeographic regions, land-use types, and environmental factors. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives on bioaerosols.

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Foot-and-mouth disease status in India during the second decade of the twenty-first century (2011–2020)

et al. 2022

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major disease of livestock in India and causes huge economic losses. The formal FMD control program started in 2003–04 in selected districts and was gradually expanded. The present study provides a descriptive review of the FMD outbreaks, prevalent serotypes, and genetic and antigenic features of the FMD virus (FMDV) that circulated in the country between 2011 and 2020. FMD outbreaks were regularly reported in cloven-hoofed domestic livestock and wildlife, with three serotypes including O, A, and Asia1. During the study period, a total of 2226 FMD outbreaks were documented and serotypes confirmed. FMDV serotype O dominated the outbreak scenario, accounting for about 92% of all outbreaks, followed by Asia1 (5% of all outbreaks) and A (3% of all outbreaks). Two major epidemics of FMD on an unprecedented scale during the years 2013 and 2018 by serotype O were recorded. The spatial distribution of FMD was characterized by a larger number of outbreaks in the southern region of the country. In an annual-scale analysis, 2020 was the year with the lowest outbreaks, and 2013 was the year with the highest. The month-scale analysis showed that outbreaks were reported throughout the year, with the highest numbers between October and March. The emergence of three major lineages (O/ME-SA/Ind2001d, O/ME-SA/Ind2001e, and O/ME-SA/Ind2018) of serotype O was observed during the period. In the cases of serotype A and Asia1, the appearance of at least one novel lineage/genetic group, including A/G-18/non-deletion/2019 and Asia1/Group-IX, was documented. While serotype A showed the advent of antigenic variants, serotypes O and Asia1 did not show any antigenic diversity. It was noticed during the course of an outbreak that animal movement contributes significantly to disease transmission. Except for 2018, when numerous FMD outbreaks were recorded, the number of annual outbreaks reported after 2016 has been lower than in the first half of the decade, probably due to mass vaccination and COVID-19 pandemic-linked movement restrictions. Even during outbreaks, disease symptoms in ruminant populations, including cattle, were found to be less severe. Regular six-monthly immunization certainly has a positive impact on the reduction of disease burden and should be followed without fail and delay, along with intensive disease surveillance.

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Temporal and geographic distribution of weather conditions favorable to airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease in the coterminous United States

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

A Meta-Population Model of Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission, Clinical Manifestation, and Detection Within U.S. Beef Feedlots

A Meta-Population Model of Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission, Clinical Manifestation, and Detection Within U.S. Beef Feedlots

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

Foot-and-mouth disease status in India during the second decade of the twenty-first century (2011–2020)

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