Temporal and biting dynamics of the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii harboring the 2La inversion in Bangui, Central African Republic

Sangbakembi-Ngounou, Claire; Ngoagouni, Carine; Akone-Ella, Rodolphe; Kengne, Pierre; Costantini, Carlo; Nakouné, Emmanuel; Ayala, Diégo

doi:10.22541/au.165367085.58812317/v1

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“…Second, the massive use of insecticides for malaria control in the second half of the last century selected resistant variants within natural populations of this mosquito by genetic changes at targeted sites in the genome (i.e., de novo mutations), metabolic, and behavioral modifications (i.e. biting rhythm (Sangbakembi-Ngounou et al 2022). Third, the rapid and recent development of large cities in Africa led to strong selection of genetic and physiological factors (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Signatures of Microgeographic Adaptation inAnopheles coluzziiAlong an Anthropogenic Gradient in Gabon

Daron,

Bouafou,

Tennessen

et al. 2024

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Species distributed across heterogeneous environments often evolve locally adapted populations, but understanding how these persist in the presence of homogenizing gene flow remains puzzling. In Gabon, Anopheles coluzzii, a major African malaria mosquito is found along an ecological gradient, including a sylvatic population, away of any human presence. This study identifies into the genomic signatures of local adaptation in populations from distinct environments including the urban area of Libreville, and two proximate sites 10km apart in the La Lope National Park (LLP), a village and its sylvatic neighborhood. Whole genome re-sequencing of 96 mosquitoes unveiled 8764;5.7millions high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. Coalescent-based demographic analyses suggest an 8764;8,000-year-old divergence between Libreville and La Lope populations, followed by a secondary contact (8764;4,000 ybp) resulting in asymmetric effective gene flow. The urban population displayed reduced effective size, evidence of inbreeding, and strong selection pressures for adaptation to urban settings, as suggested by the hard selective sweeps associated with genes involved in detoxification and insecticide resistance. In contrast, the two geographically proximate LLP populations showed larger effective sizes, and distinctive genomic differences in selective signals, notably soft-selective sweeps on the standing genetic variation. Although neutral loci and chromosomal inversions failed to discriminate between LLP populations, our findings support that microgeographic adaptation can swiftly emerge through selection on standing genetic variation despite high gene flow. This study contributes to the growing understanding of evolution of populations in heterogeneous environments amid ongoing gene flow and how major malaria mosquitoes adapt to human.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%