Temporal Analysis of Daily and 10 Minutes of Rainfall of Poprad Station in Eastern Slovakia

Abstract

The aim of this paper is the application of temporal analysis of daily and 10 min of rainfall data from Poprad station, located in Eastern Slovakia. There are two types of data used in the analysis, firstly, a daily time step data, manually collected between the years 1951 and 2018 and secondly, 10 min of data, automatically collected between the years 2000 and 2018. For proper comparability, the automatically collected data has been recalculated to the daily form. After a comparison of the sets of data, manually collected daily data has been used in further analysis. The main analysis can be divided into two sections. The first section consists of basic statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and the second section of descriptive statistics, where the subjects of examination were trend, stationarity, homogeneity, periodicity and noise. The results of the basic statistics outlined trend behavior in the data meaning that the annual total rainfall for the period 1951–2018 is slightly increasing but the further investigation supported by the methods of descriptive statistics refuted this thesis. The number of rainy days is decreasing but maximum rainfall intensity is increasing year by year, indicating that total rainfall is happening in lesser and lesser days, with an increase in the number of 0 rainfall days. The results demonstrated no presence of the trend or only a weak trend in daily time step, but a significant increasing trend in annual rainfall. Tests of stationarity proved that the data are stationary and, therefore, suitable for any hydrologic analysis. The tests of homogeneity showed no breakpoints in the data. The interesting result was demonstrated by the periodicity test, which showed exactly a 365.25 days’ period, while 0.25 indicates a leap year. As a summary for the Poprad station, there is no tendency of increasing of daily average rainfall, but slight increasing trend of total annual rainfall, the summer season has the highest ratio on total precipitation per year, September and October are the months with the highest numbers of days without rain.

Long-Term Analysis of Precipitation in Slovakia

“…The number of dry days was without trend in these three stations [31]. The results of the analysis of ten-minute precipitation in eastern Slovakia show that the design intensities which are currently in use in Slovakia are not satisfactory, especially for precipitation with a duration of more than 30 min [32].…”

Detection of Groundwater Levels Trends Using Innovative Trend Analysis Method in Temperate Climatic Conditions

“…In winter and spring seasons, the decrease in groundwater level, identified for depths of 0 and 2 m and depths of 2 and 4 m, can have a significant impact on surface water and underground water changes. Decreasing levels for groundwater may lead to lower groundwater quality through faster infiltration of surface water directly or through the hydrographic network [35,36].…”