Temporal adaptation and anticipation mechanisms to overcome the Out Of The Loop problem in HRI

Abstract

The present paper outlines an approach based on joint action to overcome the Out Of The Loop (OOTL) phenomenon in HRI. Our proposed solution involves endowing artificial agents, specifically robots, with the same temporal adaptation and anticipation mechanisms that underlie mutual influence in human-human interactions. Specifically, we argue that independently from the motoric repertoire of the robot, its behaviour should be characterized by reactive period and phase correction together with temporal prediction mechanisms that facilitate precise coordination with the user. This will optimize the balance of self-other integration and segregation, allowing the human to stay in the loop during joint action with a robot

Is erring (only) human? A review of experimental evidence on how human likeness in failures affects sensorimotor signaling, intentionality attribution, and social inclusion of the iCub robot

“…However, future work is needed to fully understand which aspects of the robot's behavior are crucial to facilitate users' reaming "in the loop" when a failure occurs, without affecting their trustworthiness in the robot. For instance, it has been proposed that robots' behavior should resemble humans not only in the content of their failures but also in the temporal patterns [25].…”