Tempo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, after its 175-m Experimental Impoundment

Xia, Jianjun; Xu, Guangdong; Guo, Ping; Peng, Hong; Zhang, Xu; Wang, Yonggui; Zhang, Wanshun

doi:10.1007/s11269-018-1918-4

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The TGR is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, and the hydro-meteorology driven by this climate is an important factor affecting the changes in the water environment [34,35]. In addition, as the world's largest comprehensive water conservancy project, the WL change under manual regulation is a further important factor influencing the characteristics of the water environment [2]. Supporting this idea, we found WL and CP to be the most important factors affecting the water environment of the LRB through RDA forward selection.…”

Section: Effects Of Meteorological and Hydrological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Environment Variation in the Three Gorges Tributary and Its Influencing Factors on Different Scales

Xia

et al. 2018

Water

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Long River is a small tributary typical of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In order to clarify the influence of hydro-meteorological factors and human regulation of the reservoir water level on the water environment, we monitored water environment parameters at six sites along Long River for three years, and were able to assess the degree to which variation in the water environment was affected from the micro-scale to macro-scale processes. We found that the water environment parameters have obvious seasonal variation and spatial distribution patterns. From upstream to the estuary, the influence of the backwater was gradually enhanced, whereas the influence of inflow gradually weakened. The distance coefficient between the samples in the backwater area and control sites in the upstream and the Yangtze River had a significant longitudinal gradient pattern (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Through redundancy analysis (RDA) forward selection, we found that cumulative precipitation, water level, cumulative net radiation, daily average temperature, daily net radiation, and daily precipitation all had significant influences on the water environment of the Long River (global permutation test, p < 0.05). The perennial backwater area was mostly affected by water level fluctuations (explaining 39.9% of data variation), whereas the fluctuation backwater area and the upstream inflow area were most affected by cumulative precipitation (explaining 42.9% and 44.0% of data variation, respectively). On the macroscale, the contribution rate of monthly change to the variation of water environment variables reached 54.9%, and the contribution rate of geographical change to the variation of water environment variables was only 7.2%, indicating that the water environment of Long River was mainly affected by exogenous input factors driven by the monsoon climate. Furthermore, we showed that the spatial interpolation method combined with the distance coefficient can easily and efficiently describe the complicated dynamic influences of the upstream inflow and the Yangtze River backwater on the water environment in the Long River bay. The conclusions are helpful in explaining the driving mechanisms of the water environment in the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, which can provide reference for water environmental protection and management in the Three Gorges Reservoir.

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Section: Effects Of Meteorological and Hydrological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operation of the Three Gorges Project (TGR) has produced tremendous social and economic benefits [1,2]. However, the construction of the dam has also had a number of ecological effects, changing the water area of TGR from the original natural river to a canyon-type reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Environment Variation in the Three Gorges Tributary and Its Influencing Factors on Different Scales

Xia

et al. 2018

Water

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“…The degree of eutrophication of tributaries has intensified, changing from the mesotrophic to eutrophic. The frequency, scope and duration of algal blooms in several tributaries are increasing year by year [5]. As a typical channel reservoir, the water system, with numerous tributaries, is complex; the influence of local inflow of the hydrologic processes and water quality on the main stream is not negligible [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation Pattern Analysis of Hydrologic Processes and Water Quality in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Water

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The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has greatly enhanced the heterogeneity of the underlying surface in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), thereby affecting the hydrologic processes and water quality. However, the influence of the differences of underlying surfaces on the hydrologic processes and water quality in the TGRA has not been studied thoroughly. In this research, the influence of the heterogeneity of landscape pattern and geographical characteristics on the spatial distribution difference of hydrologic processes and water quality in the different tributary basins of the TGRA was identified. The TGRA was divided into 23 tributary basins with 1840 sub-basins. The spatial differentiation of the hydrologic processes and water quality of the 23 tributary basins was examined by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The observed data between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013 were used to calibrate and validate the model, after which the SWAT model was applied to further predict the runoff and water quality in the TGRA. There are 25 main model parameters, including CN2, CH_K2 and SOL_AWC, which were calibrated and validated with SWAT-Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures (SWAT-CUP). The landscape patterns and geomorphologic characteristics in 23 tributary basins were investigated and spatially visualized to correlate with surface runoff and nutrient losses. Due to geographical difference, the average total runoff depth (2010-2013) in the left bank area (538.6 mm) was 1.4 times higher than that in the right bank area (384.5 mm), total nitrogen (TN) loads in the left bank area (6.23 kg/ha) were 1.9 times higher than in the right bank area (3.27 kg/ha), and total phosphorus (TP) loads in the left bank area (1.27 kg/ha) were 2.2 times higher than in the right bank area (0.58 kg/ha). The total runoff depth decreased from the head region (553.3 mm) to the tail region (383.2 mm), while the loads of TN and TP were the highest in the middle region (5.51 kg/ha for TN, 1.15 kg/ha for TP), followed by the tail region (5.15 kg/ha for TN, 1.12 kg/ha for TP) and head region (3.92 kg/ha for TN, 0.56 kg/ha for TP). Owing to the different spatial distributions of land use, soil and geographical features in the TGRA, correlations between elevation, slope gradient, slope length and total runoff depth, TN and TP, were not clear and no consistency was observed in each tributary basin. Therefore, the management and control schemes of the water security of the TGRA should be adapted to local conditions.

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“…TGP is a key to the Yangtze River management and development which is constructed from 1994 to 2009; It brings significant benefits in electric power generation, flood control and shipping traffic et al, and the TGR is a large temperate reservoir located in the mid-west of China, spans Hubei province and Chongqing municipality, with a surface area of 79000 km 2 and a storage capacity of 3.93×10 10 m 3 at his maximum water level (175m). The dam is deep-release dam which is located at the east most part of the reservoir, controlling the outflow of the Yangtze River, the outlets locate between 97 m to 104m, correspondingly, we refer them as deep outlets, 32 unit of turbine each of them in capacity of 700 MW and in total 2.24×10 7 megawatts are installed in power generation section of dam [9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2003, TGR began to initially impound and generate electricity, the water level reached 135m on June 1, then 139m on November 5 for benefits in shipping traffic and electric power generation. Before impoundment, water level fluctuated between 70 to 80m at the dam site, but it raised more than 60m since impoundment, as a result, velocity in reservoir area decreased, the residence time of the water body prolonged, it was not conducive to the degradation of pollutants, suspended pollutants settled easily, so the capability of water exchange was weakened [10] , the thermal structure of the reservoir might be different from the original channel before impoundment, so the changes of water quality and eco-environmental caused by impoundment had been a topic of wide concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and analysis of vertical thermal structure of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Dai

Li²,

et al. 2019

E3S Web Conf.

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Water temperature plays a crucial role in water ecological environment both in the reservoir and downstream area. Three Gorges Project (TGP) is the largest hydraulic engineering in the world, and changes of water quality attract much more attention, especially in the thermal structure since impoundment. In order to clearly understand water temperature distribution after impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), we monitored the temperature distribution of the Taipingxi section which was not far from the dam from early April to the end of July. According to the analyzing of the monitoring data of transverse and vertical temperature variation, we could find that the temperature mixed uniformly in transverse direction. Excepting April, there was basically had no temperature difference in vertical direction, even in April, the maximum temperature difference was only 1.39°C within 100 meters (April 22), the average temperature gradient was only 0.014°C/m; Both the temperature of water and atmosphere have similar variation tendency, but the response of the water temperature to atmosphere is delayed, especially the bottom water temperature. The result indicate that the reservoir has mixed thermal structure during impoundment phase, so the release temperature had little change after the impoundment, the work provide a scientific basis for the development of pollution control and ecological protection measure.

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Tempo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, after its 175-m Experimental Impoundment

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Water Environment Variation in the Three Gorges Tributary and Its Influencing Factors on Different Scales

Water Environment Variation in the Three Gorges Tributary and Its Influencing Factors on Different Scales

Spatial Variation Pattern Analysis of Hydrologic Processes and Water Quality in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Monitoring and analysis of vertical thermal structure of the Three Gorges Reservoir

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