Temples of Bronze Age Margiana: traditions of ritual architecture

Sarianidi, V. I.

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00046731

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The finding of Sarianidi, (2003), clearly show that the Āryas had left the use of fly-agaric when they were at Margiana and were using ephedra, cannabis and opium to prepare the Soma drink. However, Wasson (1968Wasson ( , 1972Wasson ( and 1983, was of opinion that the use of real Soma was left when they had reached the Indian plains, where Amanita muscaria was not available.…”

Section: Soma Collection By S ƒ Yena (Falcon)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This fact came to be known from an archaeological excavation at Gonur Tepe site, dating back to 2500 BC by a Greek-Russian archaeologist (Sarianidi, 2003). The cause of the migration from their original home is not understood.…”

Section: The Settlement Of the Nomadic āRyas Or The Vedic āRyasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Greek-Russian archaeologist Sarianidi (2003) for the first time, found a palace, of about the size of a football field, a fortified mudbrick enclosure, and a massive shrine, the Āryas temples with fire altars (havan kua), in which remains of 'Sacrificed' horses were also found (Aśvamedh yaj-a). And, for the first time, the remains of chariot with horses were also recovered.…”

Section: Ryas and Archeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ephedra was found in form of ephedrine alkaloids and poppy was found in form of seeds, Further, thickets of these plants were also found in abundance in the vicinity of the excavated temples of Margiana, suggestive that they had also cultivated these plants. According to Sarianidi (2003), the ingredients of Soma have been revealed for the first time. This fact came to be known from an archaeological excavation at Gonur Tepe, site, dating back to 2500 BC.…”

Section: Ryas and Archeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Sarianidi (2003), Gonour Tape was the culture but a lost civilization. This archaeological evidence was not only for the first time for the Soma (substitute) remains but also confirmed the theory that the Āryas had some connection with Central Asia.…”

Section: Ryas and Archeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soma, an Enigmatic, Mysterious Plant of the Vedic Āryas: An Appraisal

Shah¹

2015

Indian Journal of History of Science

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Soma plant has been a mystery since a long time. A number of plants were proposed as Soma in the past by various authorities. Wasson (1968) proposed and claimed with a specific approach that Amanita muscaria, a mushroom was the Soma of the gveda. The juice of it was used as Soma drink. The Vedic Āryas (earlier called 'Vedic Āryans'), were the composer of gveda. They used to compose hymns (mantras) to record their day to day experiences, their cultural life and adoration of their deities including Soma. It is speculated, when, Soma became rare and was difficult to find, then Śyena, the Falcon (a kind of bird) was used to collect and bring to their masters and it is well recorded in the gvedic hymns. Perhaps, Wasson did not give any importance to this fact, which actually well supports his findings.Nothing is known about the origin or migration of Vedic Āryas. They used ephedra, cannabis and poppy in preparation of Soma drink and is supported by an archaeological finding by Sarianidi, in 2003 AD. Sarianidi called the Vedic Āryas as Zorastrians settled in Bactria and India. It is not certain what ingredients were used to prepare the Soma drink. In India, when they were in the mountainous region of Afghanistan and Kashmir, they used ephedra, which was plentifully available for preparation of Soma drink. With their work as they migrated in the Indian plains eastwards and southwards they had to use other locally growing plants as substitute or surrogates like: Sarcostemma spp., Ceropegia spp., Periploca aphylla, etc. because ephedra was not available.The paper deals with the story as to how Wasson came to the conclusion that Amanita muscaria is the Soma of the gveda and the plants used as Soma in different periods of time with the movements of the Vedic Āryas. Lastly, the present status of Soma in Indian religion & culture is briefly discussed, where it is worshipped and only mentioned in the hand books of daily worship used by the Hindu brāhmins (priests).

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Section: Soma Collection By S ƒ Yena (Falcon)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Settlement Of the Nomadic āRyas Or The Vedic āRyasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ryas and Archeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ryas and Archeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ryas and Archeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Soma, an Enigmatic, Mysterious Plant of the Vedic Āryas: An Appraisal

Shah¹

2015

Indian Journal of History of Science

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Horse‐mounted invaders from the Russo‐Kazakh steppe or agricultural colonists from western Central Asia? A craniometric investigation of the Bronze Age settlement of Xinjiang

Hemphill

Mallory

2003

American J Phys Anthropol

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Numerous Bronze Age cemeteries in the oases surrounding the Täklamakan Desert of the Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, western China, have yielded both mummified and skeletal human remains. A dearth of local antecedents, coupled with woolen textiles and the apparent Western physical appearance of the population, raised questions as to where these people came from. Two hypotheses have been offered by archaeologists to account for the origins of Bronze Age populations of the Tarim Basin. These are the "steppe hypothesis" and the "Bactrian oasis hypothesis." Eight craniometric variables from 25 Aeneolithic and Bronze Age samples, comprising 1,353 adults from the Tarim Basin, the Russo-Kazakh steppe, southern China, Central Asia, Iran, and the Indus Valley, are compared to test which, if either, of these hypotheses are supported by the pattern of phenetic affinities possessed by Bronze Age inhabitants of the Tarim Basin. Craniometric differences between samples are compared with Mahalanobis generalized distance (d2), and patterns of phenetic affinity are assessed with two types of cluster analysis (the weighted pair average linkage method and the neighbor-joining method), multidimensional scaling, and principal coordinates analysis. Results obtained by this analysis provide little support for either the steppe hypothesis or the Bactrian oasis hypothesis. Rather, the pattern of phenetic affinities manifested by Bronze Age inhabitants of the Tarim Basin suggests the presence of a population of unknown origin within the Tarim Basin during the early Bronze Age. After 1200 B.C., this population experienced significant gene flow from highland populations of the Pamirs and Ferghana Valley. These highland populations may include those who later became known as the Saka and who may have served as "middlemen" facilitating contacts between East (Tarim Basin, China) and West (Bactria, Uzbekistan) along what later became known as the Great Silk Road.

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History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet

Russo

2007

Chemistry & Biodiversity

446

204

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Cannabis sativa L. is possibly one of the oldest plants cultivated by man, but has remained a source of controversy throughout its history. Whether pariah or panacea, this most versatile botanical has provided a mirror to medicine and has pointed the way in the last two decades toward a host of medical challenges from analgesia to weight loss through the discovery of its myriad biochemical attributes and the endocannabinoid system wherein many of its components operate. This study surveys the history of cannabis, its genetics and preparations. A review of cannabis usage in Ancient Egypt will serve as an archetype, while examining first mentions from various Old World cultures and their pertinence for contemporary scientific investigation. Cannabis historians of the past have provided promising clues to potential treatments for a wide array of currently puzzling medical syndromes including chronic pain, spasticity, cancer, seizure disorders, nausea, anorexia, and infectious disease that remain challenges for 21st century medicine. Information gleaned from the history of cannabis administration in its various forms may provide useful points of departure for research into novel delivery techniques and standardization of cannabis-based medicines that will allow their prescription for treatment of these intractable medical conditions.

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Temples of Bronze Age Margiana: traditions of ritual architecture

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Soma, an Enigmatic, Mysterious Plant of the Vedic Āryas: An Appraisal

Soma, an Enigmatic, Mysterious Plant of the Vedic Āryas: An Appraisal

Horse‐mounted invaders from the Russo‐Kazakh steppe or agricultural colonists from western Central Asia? A craniometric investigation of the Bronze Age settlement of Xinjiang

History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet

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